Guido Krafft

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Guido Krafft (born December 15, 1844 in Vienna ; † February 21, 1907 there ) was an Austrian agricultural scientist .

Life

Guido Krafft, son of the orientalist and art historian Albrecht Krafft († 1847) and his wife Karoline, initially studied natural sciences in Vienna at the Polytechnic Institute (later the Technical University) and at the university. Then he attended the agricultural college in Hungarian Altenburg . From 1864 to 1866 he practiced on the domains of Prince Lobkowitz and Schwarzenberg , then he taught as an assistant, from 1869 as a titular professor, at the agricultural college in Hungarian-Altenburg. When the Hungarian government decided that teaching in Altenburg was only allowed in the Hungarian language, Krafft went to the University of Jena and did his doctorate in botany in 1869 with a dissertation on the metamorphosis of the maize plant .

In 1870, Krafft qualified as a professor at the Vienna University of Technology in the field of " Grain cultivation with special consideration of agricultural machinery". Since then he has taught here as a private lecturer and since 1880 as an associate professor. In 1884 he took over the chair for agriculture and forestry at this university. In 1896 he was appointed full professor. He gave lectures on all areas of agriculture. From 1900 to 1902 he was dean, from 1902 to 1903 rector.

Lifetime achievement

Krafft, who lived in a very withdrawn way, made significant contributions as a specialist author in the field of agricultural sciences. The first major work he published in 1872 was an extensive study of the holdings of the Schwarzenberg dynasty in Bohemia as a contribution to the self-administration or leasing of large estates in Austria. However, his literary life and main work was a multi-volume " textbook on agriculture on a scientific and practical basis ". The work, first published in four and later in five sub-volumes (arable farming, crop farming, animal breeding, industrial management, mechanical engineering) by the Paul Parey publishing house in Berlin, experienced many editions from 1875 to the third decade of the 20th century. The individual volumes of Krafft's work were among the most popular textbooks, especially in the higher agricultural schools.

Krafft made special contributions to agriculture in Austria as editor of the “Österreichisches Landwirtschaftliche Wochenblatt”. From 1875 until his death he was the editor of this leading agricultural journal in Austria. In addition, since 1876 he was the editor in charge of “Frommes Austro-Hungarian Agricultural Calendar”. Krafft was also one of the co-editors of the 1880 annotated new edition of "Albrecht Thaer's principles of rational agriculture". In addition, he developed the concept for the monumental “Illustrierte Landwirtschafts-Lexikon” and published two editions (1884 and 1888) himself.

The Vienna University of Technology presents the Guido and Karoline Krafft Award .

Major works

  • A large estate of the present. Monographic sketch of the holdings of the Princely House of Schwarzenberg in Bohemia as a contribution to the question of self-administration or leasing of large estates in Austria . Verlag Faesy and Frick Vienna 1872.
  • Agricultural textbook on a scientific and practical basis . Verlag von Paul Parey Berlin 1875 ff. - Vol. 1: Die Ackerbauehre 1875 ( digitized and full text in the German text archive ); 15th ed. 1927. - Vol. 2: The plant cultivation theory 1876 ​​( digitized and full text in the German text archive ); 14th edition. 1927. Vol. 3: Die Tierzuchtlehre 1876 ​​( digitized and full text in the German text archive ); 13th edition 1921. - Vol. 4: Die Betriebslehre 1877; 12th edition 1920. - Vol. 5: Die Maschinenlehre (supplementary volume ); early editions cannot be determined bibliographically; 13th edition. 1934. The editions that appeared after Krafft's death were revised by specialist colleagues.
  • Illustrated agriculture lexicon . Edited by Guido Krafft with the participation of numerous specialist colleagues. Published by Paul Parey Berlin 1884; 2nd edition 1888. - Further editions appeared in 1900, 1910, 1920, 1923 a. 1956/57 (2 vol.).

literature

  • Wilhelm Bersch: Professor Dr. Guido Krafft . In: Journal for Agricultural Experiments in Austria Vol. 10, 1907, pp. 77-80 (with picture).
  • Prof. Dr. Guido Krafft † . In: Deutsche Landwirtschaftliche Presse vol. 34, 1907, p. 137 (with picture on p. 136).
  • Kurt Ehrendorfer:  Krafft Guido. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 4, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1969, p. 188.
  • Karl Dinklage:  Kraftt, Guido. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-428-00193-1 , p. 644 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Juliane Mikoletzky, Sabine Plakolm-Forsthuber (editor): A Collection of Extraordinary Completeness / A Collection of Unusual Completeness: Die Rektorengalerie der Technische Universität Wien / The Gallery of Rectors of the TU Wien . Festschrift 200 years Technical University of Vienna, Volume 13, Vienna, Böhlau-Verlag 2015, ISBN 978-3-205-20113-7 , page 83 ( limited preview in Google book search)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Guido Krafft in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
personal data
SURNAME Krafft, Guido
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian agricultural scientist
DATE OF BIRTH December 15, 1844
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH February 21, 1907
Place of death Vienna