Gunter Black

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Gunter Schwarze (* 1928 in Pirna ) is a German mathematician and professor of systems analysis . He is one of the pioneers of mathematical cybernetics and was a co-founder and head of the computing center at the Humboldt University in Berlin .

Life

Gunter Schwarze was born in Pirna near Dresden . From 1934 on he attended elementary school and grammar school in Pirna, where he graduated from high school in 1946 .

After graduating from high school, he began studying mathematics at the University of Rostock in 1946 . After three years he moved to Berlin and continued his mathematics studies here at the Humboldt University in Berlin (HUB). In 1951 he obtained his first academic degree in mathematicianship with a thesis on the subject: On the class number formula of the simply real non-Abelian cubic number fields.

From 1952 to 1958 he worked as a research assistant and senior assistant at the II. Mathematical Institute of the HUB.

Institute for Automatic Control (IfR), Berlin-Friedrichshain, Neue Bahnhofstrasse 9-17 (until 1968)

He then took up industrial activity at the Institute for Control Engineering (IfR) in Berlin as the central research and development facility with 1,800 employees at the time, which belonged to the VVB control engineering, device construction and optics with 11 production companies for measurement, control and regulation technology . Here he began as a research assistant, after which he was head of the theory department from 1959 to 1963 , which also included the IfR's computer center . In addition to work on the "digital computer", simulation work on the "analog computer" was also carried out here ( universal model and analog computer UNIMAR as an in-house development of the IfR; the original has been preserved, is in the "Automatic Museum" of the HTWK Leipzig and can be used together with other historical objects can be visited).

Identification of a higher-order controlled system using the Schwarze time-percentage value method

From this work by Schwarze and the employees of his department at the IfR, his first, practice-oriented publications emerged, which have entered the technical literature on control engineering under the designation "Time-percentage parameter method (according to Schwarze)" . With the method of "time-percentage characteristic value method" is a controlled system a "pilot route" determined that any with the same time constants depending on the circuit constants order actually provides a very good approximation to the real step response. For a given step response of a non-oscillating controlled system, the associated time values ​​T10, T50 and T90 are recorded from the amplitude values ​​Xa of 10%, 50% and 90% of the maximum amplitude in the steady state and a "model transfer function" is formed from n equal delay elements. Corresponding tables are provided for this.

In a further table (according to Latzel) one can read off the "controller parameters" for various standard controllers for the model transfer function of the controlled system. The tables for this procedure are contained in every good technical book on control engineering .

The process was developed by Gunter Schwarze in the early 1960s. It avoids the "uncertainties of the tangent method". Schwarze published the practical tool for this in a book, and he set out the theoretical principles in his habilitation thesis .

In 1963, Schwarze received his doctorate at the HUB as Dr. rer. nat. with the dissertation : About the 1st, 2nd and 3rd outer boundary value problem of the oscillation equation. Then he moved back to the HUB and in 1964, together with Klaus Fuchs-Kittowski, among other things, was one of the initiators of the newly established computer center at the Second Mathematical Institute. Schwarze managed the data center from its foundation in 1964 to 1968, thereby creating an important basis for computer science in teaching and research at the HUB. Here also began Roswitha in March 1966 their activities, later his field of Computational Mathematics as Full Professor has continued. Achim Sydow took over his successor as head of the theory department at the IfR , and from 1968 Wolfgang Weller became head of the scientific system fundamentals and computer center at the IfR.

Black was founded in 1967 in the TH Magdeburg habilitiert with a Habilitationsschrift about: Computational determination of the transfer function of linear models with constant concentrated parameters for analog systems having an input and an output by analyzing the corresponding to characteristic test signals, output signals in the time domain (Supervisors: Franz Stuchlik ). Afterwards he was appointed lecturer for numerical mathematics and computing technology at the II. Mathematical Institute of the HUB.

In 1969 Gunter Schwarze was appointed full professor for mathematical cybernetics and computing technology at the HUB. The IfR, as Schwarze's former place of work, had generally supported the collaboration with universities, colleges and academy institutes because of the promotion of young talent and research cooperation, so that, in addition to Schwarze, other professors in the field of automation have emerged from the IfR : Achim Sydow , Georg Brack , Wolfgang Weller , Bernhard Rodenbeck , Hans Fuchs , Jürgen Beuschel , Werner Kriesel and others

In the course of German reunification , the HUB was restructured, and from 1990 the computer science department was re-established , to which Schwarze now belonged. His chair was newly advertised, and at the end of an appointment process in 1992, Schwarze was newly appointed as a university professor for the field of systems analysis at the Institute for Computer Science at the HUB.

In 1994, Schwarze left the Humboldt University for reasons of age.

Publications

Gunter Schwarze has written numerous scientific publications for specialist journals, plus more than 20 book publications. However, he was particularly prominent as the author and co-editor of the AUTOMATISIERUNGSTECHNIK series of books published by Verlag Technik Berlin, which reached almost 250 volumes between 1961 and 1990 . Publisher: originally Bodo Wagner and Gunter Schwarze ; after Bodo Wagner's retirement, the number of editors was expanded: G. Brack , H. Fuchs , G. Paulin , R. Piegert , G. Schwarze and E.-G. Woschni , editor: Jürgen Reichenbach , cover design: Kurt Beckert .

Automation technology series, co-editor: Gunter Schwarze (selection):

  • Gunter Schwarze: Basic terms in automation technology. Automation technology series, Volume 1. Verlag Technik, Berlin 1961, 2nd edition 1963, 3rd edition 1965, 4th edition 1967, 5th edition 1973.
  • Gunter Schwarze: Control loops with I and P controllers. Automation technology series, Volume 10. Verlag Technik, Berlin 1963, 2nd edition 1966.
  • Franz Stuchlik: Program- controlled universal computer. Automation technology series, Volume 12. Verlag Technik, Berlin 1963, 2nd edition 1966, license: Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig 1968.
  • Gunter Schwarze: Control engineering for practitioners - formulas, curves, tables. Automation technology series, Volume 50. Verlag Technik, Berlin 1966, 2nd edition 1969 (License: Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig).
  • Wolfgang Weller , Hans Fuchs: Multiple regulations. Automation technology series, Volume 59. Verlag Technik, Berlin 1967. Verlag Vieweg & Sohn Braunschweig 1968.
  • Manfred Peschel : Cybernetic Systems. Automation technology series, Volume 100. Verlag Technik, Berlin 1970.
  • Gunter Schwarze: Simulation - continuous systems. Automation technology series, Volume 177. Verlag Technik, Berlin 1976.
  • Wolfgang Weller , Heinrich Wilke: Programmable control devices . Automation technology series, Volume 181. Verlag Technik, Berlin 1979.
  • Heinz Töpfer , Werner Kriesel : Automation technology - present and future. Automation technology series, Volume 200. Verlag Technik, Berlin 1982.

Further publications:

  • Gunter Schwarze (contributor): Differential equations, part: 1. Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1955, 3rd edition 1966.
  • Gunter Schwarze (contributor): Differential equations, part: 2. Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1956, 3rd edition 1967.
  • About the 1st, 2nd and 3rd outer boundary value problem of the oscillation equation. Humboldt University, Math.-Naturwiss. Faculty, dissertation, Berlin 1963.
  • Algorithmic determination of the transfer function of linear models with constant concentrated parameters for analog systems with one input and one output by analyzing the output signals belonging to characteristic test signals in the time domain. TH Magdeburg, Faculty of Basic Sciences, habilitation thesis, Magdeburg 1967.
  • Digital simulation. Concepts - tools - applications. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1990, ISBN 978-3-05-500606-7 .

literature

  • Wolfgang Weller : Institute for Automation Technology at the Humboldt University in Berlin . In: Automation technology, Munich . Vol. 39, No. 9, 1991, p. 335.
  • Gunter Schwarze: The history of the computer center of the Humboldt University in Berlin in the context of the development of computer technology and computer science. RZ-Mitteilungen No. 8, October 1994, pp. 44-47. http: //edoc.hu- berlin.de/e_rzm/8/schwarze-gunter-1994-10-01/PDF/14.pdf.
  • Wolfgang Weller : Automation technology through the ages - development history of a fascinating subject . Publisher epubli GmbH Berlin, 2013, ISBN 978-3-8442-5487-7 .
  • Karl Reinisch : Cybernetic basics and description of continuous systems . Verlag Technik Berlin 1974.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Werner Kriesel ; Hans Rohr; Andreas Koch: History and future of measurement and automation technology . VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1995, ISBN 3-18-150047-X .
  2. ↑ Lothar Starke: From hydraulic regulators to process control systems. The success story of the Askania works in Berlin and the device and controller works in Teltow. 140 years of industrial history, tradition and future . Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-8305-1715-3 .
  3. ↑ Gerd Schulz: Control engineering 1. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich, 3rd edition 2004.
  4. ↑ Manfred Reuter, Serge Zacher: Control technology for engineers. Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig, 11th edition 2003.
  5. ↑ Gunter Schwarze: Control engineering for practitioners - formulas, curves, tables. Automation technology series, Volume 50. Verlag Technik, Berlin 1966, 2nd edition 1969 (License: Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig).
  6. ↑ Gunter Schwarze: Algorithmic determination of the transfer function of linear models with constant concentrated parameters for analog systems with one input and one output by analyzing the output signals belonging to characteristic test signals in the time domain. TH Magdeburg, Faculty of Basic Sciences, habilitation thesis, Magdeburg 1967.
  7. ^ Frank Fuchs-Kittowski ; Werner Kriesel (Ed.): Computer science and society. Festschrift for the 80th birthday of Klaus Fuchs-Kittowski . Frankfurt a. M., Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Warszawa, Vienna: Peter Lang Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, PL Academic Research 2016, ISBN 978-3-631-66719-4 (print), E- ISBN 978-3-653 -06277-9 (e-book).
  8. ↑ Frank Dittmann: On the development of the “general regulatory knowledge” in Germany. Hermann Schmidt and the “Memorandum for the establishment of an institute for control engineering”. In: Wiss. TU Dresden magazine. Vol. 44, No. 6, 1995, pp. 88-94.
  9. ↑ Georg Brack : Technology of the automation devices. Verlag Technik, Berlin 1969, 2nd edition 1972. Hanser Verlag, Munich 1972, pp. 15-80, ISBN 3-446-11551-X .
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Weller : Automation technology through the ages - development history of a fascinating subject. Verlag epubli GmbH Berlin, 2013, 48 pages, ISBN 978-3-8442-5487-7 (print) and as an e-book.
  11. ↑ Hanns Haas, Erhard Bernicke, Hans Fuchs, Gerhard Obenhaus (overall editor): ursamat manual , published by the Berlin Institute for Automatic Control. Verlag Technik, Berlin 1969.
  12. ↑ Heinz Töpfer ; Werner Kriesel : Functional units of automation technology - electric, pneumatic, hydraulic. Verlag Technik, Berlin and VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1977, 5th edition 1988, ISBN 3-341-00290-1 .
  13. ↑ Hans-Joachim Zander : Automation technology in historical review. In: Control of Discrete Event Processes. Novel methods for describing processes and designing control algorithms. Springer Vieweg Verlag, Wiesbaden 2015, pp. 15–34, ISBN 978-3-658-01381-3 , e-book ISBN 978-3-658-01382-0 .
  14. ^ Eugen-Georg Woschni : Life in three German states - A Saxon reports. Tauchaer Verlag, Taucha / Leipzig 2012. ISBN 978-3897722156 .
personal data
SURNAME Blacks, Gunter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mathematician; Professor of Systems Analysis
DATE OF BIRTH 1928
PLACE OF BIRTH Pirna