Gurjun balm
Gurjun balsam or Gardjan-, Gardschanbalsam ( "tung oil", "Wood-oil", "Balsamum Dipterocarpi, Garjanae, Garganae, Gurjunae, Capivi, Copaiva ostindicum" or "East Indian Copaiba"), was a the Kopaivabalsam similar resin juice ( oleoresin ) which was obtained in large quantities in the coastal regions of the Strait of Malacca and in Burma from several Dipterocarpus species.
It is also pseudo-gurjun balsam from Calophyllum traded species.
Suitable hollows were made in the trunks or drilled, a fire was kept in them until the wood was a bit scorched and the balm began to flow, and this was caught in bamboo vessels . The yield was sometimes 135-180 liters from one strain. Gurjun balm has been known since 1811, but it was not until the last third of the 19th century that large quantities of it came into European trade from Singapore , Maulmain , Akyab and Saigon . It is yellowish to reddish or blackish brown and a bit greenish, has the consistency of a thin copaiva balm, resembles this in smell, tastes bitter, but not scratchy. It hardens with lime and magnesium and becomes thick when heated to 130 ° C, without becoming thin again when cooled; at 220 ° C it almost solidifies. It dissolves completely in carbon disulfide and essential oils , but not in ethanol and ether . Shaken vigorously with five parts of water, it formed a very stiff emulsion , and with 10 parts of water it balled. It consists of essential oil and resin and also contains crystallizable gurjun acid . It was used for painting, for making varnish varnish and tracing paper , and in medicine sometimes like copaiva balsam . Gurjun balm has probably been in use for technical purposes in India for a long time , it was mentioned by Benjamin Franklin in 1811 , but only Roxburgh (1828) gave more precise information , and in 1842 it became known in Germany .
Today Gurjun balm is used as a raw material in the manufacture of perfumes and in naturopathy for the treatment of eczema , ulcers , leprosy and generally poorly healing wounds .
As gurjun balsam oil , oleum Balsami gurjunae that obtained by steam distillation from the gurjun balsam, yellow with a faint odor and plump essential oil is referred.
literature
- Georg Frerichs, Heinrich Zörnig, Georg Arends : Hager's handbook of pharmaceutical practice. First volume: A – I. Springer, 1925, 1938, 1949, ISBN 978-3-642-49473-4 (reprint), p. 617 f.
- Hans Irion: Druggists Lexicon. 2. Volume A-K. Springer, 1955, ISBN 978-3-642-49508-3 , p. 543 f.
- Curt Hunnius: Pharmaceutical Dictionary. 2nd Edition. De Gruyter, 1955, pp. 76 f, 211.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Felix Bachmair: Antimicrobial effect of selected resins on airborne germs. Diploma thesis, University of Vienna, 2013, p. 26 ff, online (PDF; 2.93 MB), at othes.univie.ac.at, accessed on January 3, 2017.
- ↑ W. Blaschek, R. Hänsel et al.: Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice. Volume 2: Drugs A – K , Springer, 1998, ISBN 3-540-61618-7 , p. 423 limited preview in the Google book search.