Hélène Kro

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Hélène Kro (born September 20, 1913 in Tarnów , Poland ; † December 24, 1942 in Paris , France ) was the French nom de guerre ( code name ) of Hania Mansfeld , a Polish communist , Jew and resistance fighter of the Francs-tireurs et partisans - main d'œuvre immigrée ( FTP-MOI ). As such, it belonged in the Second World War within the group Manouchian one of those armed partisan detachments , which included women, mostly Jewish women and immigrants passed, and part of the French Resistance were. She resisted the German occupation forces in France and died three years before the end of the war jumping out of a window in her apartment, which saved her comrades from being accessed by the police.

Life

In 1921, Hélène Kro came to France at the age of eight. She later became a seamstress and married in August 1937. She and her husband had a son the following year. In September 1942 she joined the resistance group FTP-MOI and became active as a liaison woman. In this function, she had to transmit messages, transport weapons for attacks and remove them again. As a result, Kro gained in-depth knowledge of the names of activists and planned actions and was therefore exposed to a high risk in the event of exposure with the potential benefit for the Gestapo .

When she Christmas Eve 1942 in Paris when leaving the metro in a raid came, she was 29 years old. Guns and dynamite were found with her. The police accompanied her to her apartment, where she had arranged to meet two other resistance fighters, Hélène Igla and Rega Levine , and whom she wanted to meet there a little later. By jumping out of the window of her apartment on the fifth floor, she escaped possible torture, warned her comrades and protected them from police access, but paid for the fall with her life. At the time , her husband was a German prisoner of war , and her four-year-old son was hiding with friends in the countryside.

Awards

In February 2002 Hélène Kro received the Médaille de la Résistance posthumously along with eleven other resistance fighters .

See also

Web links

Sources and individual references

  1. ^ A b c Susan Zuccotti : The Holocaust, the French, and the Jews. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London 1999, ISBN 0-8032-9914-1 , p. 271 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  2. ^ Daniel Grason: La Maitron Dictionnaire Biographique
  3. ^ A b Nicole Bär: Development and significance of the Jewish resistance against the National Socialist tyranny in France . GRIN Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-640-27248-8 , p. 60 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  4. ^ Mémoire juive et education - La résistance des Juifs de France
  5. ↑ Jeanne List-Pakin: DES JUIFS DANS LA RÉSISTANCE - Témoignage de certains aspects de la Résistance ( Memento of July 7, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Ingrid Strobl : Never say you're going the last way. Women in the armed resistance against fascism and German occupation . Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1989, ISBN 3-596-24752-7 , p. 142 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  7. ↑ l'Humanité: Douze médaillés de la Résistance: à titre posthumous ...
personal data
SURNAME Kro, Hélène
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mansfeld, Hania (real name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish communist, Jewish, member of the Resistance in World War II
DATE OF BIRTH September 20, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH Poland
DATE OF DEATH December 24, 1942
Place of death Paris