Hague Neutrality Concerts (1710)

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The Hague Neutrality Concerts were two declarations by representatives of the Great Alliance in The Hague in March and August 1710. The content provided for a neutrality for Northern Germany in the conflict between the war opponents of the Nordic Allies and Sweden in the Great Northern War .

history

Europe in 1701

After the defeat at Poltava in 1709, Charles XII fled . with his remaining staff in the Ottoman Empire . The absence of Charles XII. used Russia , Denmark and Saxony to attack the Swedish provinces in northern Germany. The members of the Grand Alliance feared that Prussia and Kurhannover would join the Nordic Alliance and thereby withdraw their contingents from the theaters of the War of the Spanish Succession .

In the first Hague concert on March 31, 1710 , the Habsburg Emperor, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Republic of the Seven United Provinces declared the German-Swedish possessions neutral. The declaration prohibited the Swedish troops from engaging in hostilities against their neighbors from Swedish-Pomerania or Bremen-Verden .

A second declaration by the Great Alliance in The Hague concerned the establishment of an army of neutrality of around 15,000-16,000 men from imperial associations to protect the provisions of the previous declaration on August 4, 1710.

In November 1710 the Ottoman Empire officially declared war on Russia and shortly afterwards, on December 4, 1710, Charles XII refused. in the “ Declaration of Bender ” from the “Hague Neutrality Concert”. The war subsequently spread to northern Germany without merging with the War of the Spanish Succession.

The signatories of the declaration of March 21, 1710 were: Philipp Ludwig Wenzel von Sinzendorf , Duke of Marlborough , Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend (British Ambassador to the States General), J. von Randwick, Allard Meerens (1663-1716), A Heinfius, Gheel von Spanbrock, Frederik Adriaan van Reede van Renswoude (1659–1738), Van Goslinga, E. v. Ittersum and W. Pott.

literature