Hamburger (chicken)

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hamburger
Hamburger (chicken)
Hamburger rooster, silver lacquer
Colour: Black, white, silver lacquer, gold lacquer, speckled, blue
Laying output per year: 160-200
Eggshell color: White
Egg weight: 48-55 g
Breeding standards: BDRG
List of breeds of chicken

The Hamburger Chicken is a breed of chicken that was first described in Great Britain and Holland around 1700. In the period before the industrial chicken farming it was by the excellent laying performance as economic chicken . Because of her looks, she is popular with show breeders. Their varieties, the Hamburger Lackhuhn and the Hamburger Sprenkelhuhn , are hardly related to each other.

With the dwarf hamburger there is also a recognized breed of bantam.

origin

The Hamburg chickens are one of the oldest examples of "artificial breeds ". In addition to the elegant shape of the country fowl , their only common feature ( which gives them their name) is their importation to England via the port of Hamburg . Molecular genetic studies show that speckled and lacquer-colored variants of the Hamburg chickens would have to be genetically assigned to different breeds.

The origin of the Hamburger Lackhuhnes is largely unclear, but was already known in England as moon or velvet grouse in the middle of the 18th century . The Hamburg speckled chicken was introduced to the British Isles at the beginning of the 19th century and is closely related to other speckled breeds , especially the flaked Dutch Assendelfter and the Friesian chicken.

The Hamburg chicken was mainly bred in England and the Netherlands. The largest proportion of the pure breeding of the Hamburg chicken, especially the lacquer-colored chicken, is borne by breeders from England . Their ancestors, the "Mooneys", the moon grouse, and the pheasant chickens can be recognized by the dots, which are also visible in the green shimmer of black dots on the black hamburgers. In the case of the black ones , it can still be seen today that Spanish chickens contributed to their creation . This can be recognized by the larger white ear discs , the higher weight of the eggs and the higher weight of the chickens. In the case of the speckled representatives of this breed, animals from Germany certainly play a role, such as the East Frisian seagulls and the totlaughters from North Westphalia and South Oldenburg.

Surname

The Hamburger in a publication by Charles Darwin

The time of their first appearance is not clear. Drawings by the Italian naturalist Aldrovandi from the 16th century are said to show chickens that look very similar to today's hamburgers. These chickens were called "turkeys", Turkish chickens. This leads to the conclusion that the ancestors of the people of Hamburg came from the Middle East and started their journey via Hamburg to England. These animals, which were of course not as pure as the animals today, were given the collective name Hamburgh Poultry in England , as they all came to the island through Hamburg merchants. The final name Hamburg Poultry is said to have been given in 1850 by the English judge B. S. Dixon, who summarized all varieties under this name at an exhibition in Birmingham .

On the other hand, the English painter Eleazar Albin drew the picture of a white cock with a black line on the neck, black round spots within the plumage and sickles that were striped in black and white as early as 1740, i.e. 110 years before Dixon. This picture, whose motif comes very close to the Hamburg chicken in the silver lacquer color , is said to have already had the title "Hamburgh poultry". The fact that Bechstein reported about hamburgers as early as 1795 speaks for this thesis .

It is noteworthy that in the Netherlands the name hamburger is uncommon and the breed is instead called the "Dutch chicken".

properties

The breeders differentiate between several types of races:

  • black hamburgers (they are the largest representatives; their eggs are also the largest among the hamburgers (on average 55 g); the egg size is related to the color, as Minorka were used to breed this color ),
  • white hamburgers,
  • Silver and gold lacquer (the egg weighs on average 50 g),
  • speckled hamburgers (highest laying performance with an average weight of 48 g),
  • blue hamburgers (gross egg weight 50 g) and
  • Miniature hamburger in all variations.

The laying capacity in the first year is 160–180, with deviations in certain lines that lay more than 200 eggs a year. In the second laying period, the weight of the eggs increases and reaches 50–60 grams. This applies to all color variants.

Existence and endangerment

The Hamburger Huhn is an old German breed of poultry that originated before 1930 and is mainly distributed in Germany. It is classified as "little endangered" in the joint list of old native poultry breeds in Germany by the Association of German Racial Poultry Breeders (BDRG) and the Society for the Conservation of Old and Endangered Pet Breeds (GEH). This list was also included in the Red List of Endangered Livestock Breeds of the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food . According to a 2009 inventory, there were 317 roosters and 1,498 hens in Germany this year. In 2013 there were 1,342 hens and 282 roosters.

literature

  • Purebred poultry standard for Europe
  • L. Frank Baum: The Book of the Hamburgs: A Brief Treatise upon the Mating, Rearing, and Management of the Different Varieties of Hamburgs . ISBN 0929605136 , Books of Wonder, 1991
  • W. Schwarz / A. Six (2004): The large poultry standard in color. Reutlingen: Oertel + Spörer Verlags-GmbH + Co (7th edition)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Armin Six: Natural or Artificial System: What Are Poultry Breeds? In: poultry newspaper. No. 13, 2008, pp. 14-16
  2. ↑ David Scrivener: Popular poultry breeds , Crowood Press, Ramsbury 2014, chapter 14
  3. ↑ Hamburger. In: sprenkelhuhn.com. Andrea Fasch, accessed on March 1, 2013 .
  4. ↑ Natural history of the housebirds. Ettinger, Gotha 1795.
  5. ↑ Bund Deutscher Rassegeflügelzüchter , Society for the Preservation of Old and Endangered Pet Races (Ed.): List of old native poultry breeds in Germany ( Memento of the original from February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vhgw.de
  6. ↑ Red list of domestic livestock breeds in Germany 2013 ( Memento of the original from February 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 155ff.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.genres.de
  7. ↑ Hamburger Chicken. In: Central Documentation of Animal Genetic Resources in Germany (TGRDEU) of the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food

Web links

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