Hanna (Bible)

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Hanna is in the Old Testament in the first book of Samuel the wife of Elkanah and mother of the prophet Samuel .

etymology

The Hebrew personal name חַנָּה ḥannāh , German 'Hanna' can be interpreted in different ways . According to Martin Noth, it is the short form of a verb sentence name, consisting of predicate and subject. The subject and at the same time theophoric element have failed, the only thing left is the predicate, which can be derived from the verb root חנן ḥnn “be gracious / have mercy”. חַן ḥan is the short form of the 3rd person . Sg. Perfect חָנַן ḥānan , -āh is probably not originally a feminine ending, but a hypocoristic ending common in personal names . The name therefore means “(God) has had mercy”. Compare let the biblical name Hananiah (חֲנַנְיָה ḥǎnanjāh and חֲנַנְיָהוּ ḥǎnanjāhû ), Johanan (יֹוחָנָן Johanan and יְהֹוחָנָן jəhôḥānān ), Ananias (Ἁνανίας Ananias , all " YHWH had mercy"), Hanamel (חֲנַמְאֵל ḥǎnam'el ) Hananel (חֲנַנְאֵֽל ḥǎnan 'el ), Elhanan (אֶלְחָנָן ' elḥānān , all “God has mercy”), Baal-Hanan (בַּעַל חָנָן ba'al ḥānān “Baal has mercy”), Hanan (חָנָן ḥānān ) and Hanani (חֲנָנִי ḥǎnānî , both “ (God) had mercy ”). Extra-Biblical related amurritisch Ḫanna- d IM and annuḫanni (as woman's name), palmyrenisch חנא HN ' (as woman's name), Phoenician חן HN and punisch חנא HN' .

Hans Rechenmacher , on the other hand, takes the short form of a nominal sentence name, also consisting of subject and predicate, with the subject and theophore element again having failed. The predicate is the noun חֵן ḥen "grace", -āh is again determined as a hypocoristic and not a feminine ending. The name therefore means "(God) is grace". The biblical name Hanniël (חַנִּיאֵל ḥannî'el "God is grace") and possibly Henadad (חֵנָדָד ḥenādād <* ḥin [n] -hadad " Hadad is grace"), also Punic Anna , Nabataean חנה ḥnh , Safatian ḤN can be compared to this and Minaic ḤNT .

The Septuagint gives the name as Αννα Anna , the Vulgate as Anna .

Biblical narration

Hanna presents Samuel in the temple of Shiloh (1730), Parish Church of the Assumption of Mary (Vornbach, Lower Bavaria)

Hanna is Elka's first wife . She was sterile at first, while Elkana's second wife Peninna was able to have children. Because of this, Hanna was offended and humiliated by Peninna. Elkanah went to Shiloh every year with his wives to make sacrifices to YHWH , namely shares for Peninna and her children, but a double share for Hanna. In Shiloh Hannah prayed to YHWH, wept and vowed that if a son was given to her, she would leave him to YHWH. She was observed by the priest Eli , who at first thought she was drunk because of the movement of her lips, but then announced the fulfillment of her request. Back in Ramatajim , Hanna became pregnant and gave birth to a son, whom she named Samuel . In the years that followed, Hanna did not accompany her husband to the Shiloh sacrifice, but only again after she had weaned Samuel. Then she took Samuel to Shiloh to the priest Eli, with whom he served from then on.

Thanks song from Hanna

1 Sam 2 : 1–10  EU is a psalm outside of the psalter and is referred to as the thanksgiving song, hymn of praise or the Magnificat of Hanna. It is originally a ritual hymn of praise that was inserted as a secondary part of the story of the birth of Samuel. This can be seen from the fact that 1 Sam 1.28  EU is continued in 1 Sam 2.11  EU and from the fact that the thank you song itself hardly refers to the situation of the narrative (only in 1 Sam 2.5  EU is childlessness mentioned ).

This song is received in Mary's hymn of praise, the Magnificat ( Lk 1.46–55  EU ).

literature