Hans Hauck (Nazi victim)

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Hans Hauck (born August 10, 1920 in Frankfurt am Main ; † October 2003 ) was the son of an Algerian occupation soldier and a German mother who lived in Germany for most of his life . As a child he suffered from everyday discrimination because of his skin color ( Rhineland bastard) and the teasing of his classmates. Nevertheless, he always felt like a German and wanted to be recognized as such. The sterilization fundamentally changed his view of the world and left lasting traces.

Life

childhood

Hans Hauck's father Benmansur Belabissi was an Algerian who was stationed in the occupied Saarland as a soldier in the French army ; his mother was German. During the pregnancy the father was transferred to Frankfurt am Main; the mother followed him and had the child there, also to avoid the talk in her hometown.

Hans Hauck grew up in Dudweiler near Saarbrücken in his mother's family without ever having actually met his father. At school he was exposed to constant teasing and discrimination, not only because of the color of his skin, but also because his father was a soldier in the opposing French army ( Rhineland bastard ) during World War I.

Member of the Hitler Youth and forced sterilization

In 1933 Hans Hauck became a member of the Hitler Youth like his schoolmates , which gave him a feeling of equality. He then did an apprenticeship with the Reichsbahn . In 1937, when the skull was measured, he was informed that it would be sterilized . This was also not permitted under the law of the time. The operation was carried out without any anesthesia. Hauck stayed there for a few days and met boys with the same fate for the first time in his life. Then he left the Hitler Youth; his illusion of equal treatment in society was shattered.

Suicide attempt and pre-military training

Since the French border was only three kilometers from his whereabouts, his department at the railway was first transferred to Paderborn, then to Schneidemühl and finally to Opladen. After Hauck had received a summons for pre-military training - from the SA - in 1941 , he tried to kill himself by shooting. An acquaintance's father found and saved him. Then Hauck went to pre-military training, but felt very unsafe there, unlike the Hitler Youth, where everyone had known and accepted him. He always feared the worst for himself and later said that he was grateful not to have fallen victim to euthanasia .

Military service and imprisonment

From 1942 Hauck was a soldier of the Wehrmacht of his own choosing . He was wounded five times and taken prisoner by the Soviet Army near Warsaw in early 1945 . As he later said, the Russians treated him better than he had ever been treated by his own people. After four years imprisonment near Minsk, he was released in 1949.

Further life

There is almost no information about his further life. He first went to Canada , but then returned to Dudweiler, where he spent the rest of his life.

meaning

Hans Hauck is almost the only child of French-African occupation soldiers in Germany whose life is known. The American social scientist Tina Campt conducted an extensive interview about his life in 1992, the 1997 documentary Hitler's Forgotten Victims reported on him, and he was interviewed by the Shoah Foundation in 1998. The US author Alexander Thomas used elements of his biography for the play Black Made . His interview with Tina Campt could be heard in a sound gallery at the Black Atlantic Festival in Berlin in 2004 .

literature

  • Tina Marie Campt: Pictures of “US”? Blackness, Diaspora and the Afro German Subject. In: Maria Diedrich, Jürgen Heinrichs: From Black to Schwarz: Cultural Crossovers Between African America and Germany. Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, Michigan 2011, ISBN 978-0-87013-989-5 . Pp. 139–160, here pp. 144–157 .
  • Tina Campt: Other Germans: Black Germans and the politics of race, gender, and memory in the Third Reich. Univ. of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor 2004, ISBN 0-472-11360-7 , passim; limited preview in Google Book search

documentary

  • Hitler's Forgotten Victims (Black Survivors of the Holocaust) by David Okuefuna and Moise Shewa. UK 1996, first broadcast on Channel 4 October 2, 1997.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The information about his life especially after the interviews in Tina Campt: Other Germans: Black Germans and the politics of race, gender, and memory in the Third Reich. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor 2004, ISBN 0-472-11360-7 , German original version pp. 211-222. Limited preview in Google Book Search, also p. 236f., English translation p. 94ff. limited preview in Google Book search
  2. ^ After a decision in 1937, this happened only for children of African occupation soldiers in Germany, not for other mixed race children , see Paul Weindling : Nazi Human Experiments: The Victim's Perspective and the Post-Second World War Discourse. In: Erika Dyck, Larry Stewart (Ed.): The uses of humans in experiment: perspectives from the 17th to the 20th century. Clio medica vol. 95, Brill Rodopi, Leiden, Boston 2016, ISBN 978-90-04-28670-2 , p. 240 ff. Here p. 242; limited preview in Google Book search
  3. ↑ so Hans Hauck , Kalangu. Voices of Africa
  4. ↑ Tina Marie Campt: Pictures of "US"? Blackness, Diaspora and the Afro German Subject. In: Maria Diedrich, Jürgen Heinrichs: From Black to Schwarz: Cultural Crossovers Between African America and Germany. Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, Michigan 2011, ISBN 978-0-87013-989-5 . Pp. 139–160, here p. 144 .
  5. ↑ Julia Roos: Continuities and Breaks in the History of Racism. Suggestions for researching the "Rhineland bastards" from a private correspondence. In Birthe Kundrus , Sybille Steinbacher (ed.): Continuities and discontinuities. National Socialism in the History of the 20th Century (= Contributions to the History of National Socialism . Volume 29). Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2013, ISBN 978-383-53130-2-6 . Pp. 154–170, here p. 167
  6. ↑ original German version in Tina Campt: Other Germans: Black Germans and the politics of race, gender, and memory in the Third Reich. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor 2004, ISBN 0-472-11360-7 , pp. 211-222. Limited preview in Google Book Search, also p. 236f., English translation p. 94ff. limited preview in Google Book search
  7. ↑ Performance at the English Theater in Berlin in 2015 , the play “Made Black” by Alexander Thomas examines Afro-German identity. 1 +2 Migazin from April 15, 2015.
  8. ^ Exclusion without quotation marks Die Tageszeitung (taz) of September 28, 2004.
personal data
SURNAME Hauck, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German man
DATE OF BIRTH August 10, 1920
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt am Main
DATE OF DEATH October 2003