Headquarters of the Supreme Commander's Command

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The high command of the Russian Army in Tsarist domicile was translated as the Headquarters of the Commander-in-Chief , or Stavka ( Russian : Ставка Верховного Главнокомандующего , transcription : Stavka Verkhovno Glawnschewanduus ).

In reference to the Great Headquarters of the (imperial) tsarist army in World War I , the top management level of the Soviet Red Army in World War II was also called this.

First World War

With the mobilization on July 30, 1914, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich Romanov was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army. The Stawka seat was initially in Baranowitschi ( Belarus ); After the successful German advance in 1915, the seat was moved to Mogilev . On August 23rd, July / September 5, 1915 greg. Tsar Nicholas II himself took over the supreme command and appointed General Alexejew as chief of staff. On March 2nd, Jul. / March 15, 1917 greg. the Tsar reinstated Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Romanov as Commander-in-Chief at the same time as his abdication. Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Romanow could no longer take up his office. After him Alexejew was the highest commanding officer, followed by Alexei Alexejewitsch Brusilov , who in turn on July 18 July . / July 31, 1917 greg. was replaced by Lawr Georgievich Kornilov . When Kornilov on August 27th July / September 9, 1917 greg. was deposed, he made an unsuccessful attempted coup.

In fact, the tsarist command structure was replaced by the People's Commissariat for Military and Fleet (People's Commissariat for Defense; in 1917 it was initially formed by Vladimir Antonov-Ovsejenko , Nikolai Krylenko and Pawel Dybenko ). Leon Trotsky was initially People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs and was appointed People's Commissar for Warfare on March 14, 1918.

Second World War

At the time of the German invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, there was no commander in chief of the armed forces of the USSR . The post of Commander-in-Chief (Glawkom) had been abolished in the course of the military reforms of the 1920s. In 1934 the People's Commissariat for Defense and the Military Council took its place. In 1938, a main military council of the Red Army (Glawny Wojenny Soviet RKKA), a corresponding counterpart for the Red Fleet and a defense committee (Komitet Oborony) was created. The highest military office was the People's Commissar for Defense in 1941. The headquarters of the High Command ( Russian : Ставка главнокомандующего , transcription: Stawka Glawnokomandujuschtschewo ) was created using the old name from the times of the tsars . The supreme command was thus transferred to a collegiate body , which was nominally headed by Marshal Tymoshenko as People's Commissar for Defense. In addition, all marshals of the Soviet Union , the chief of staff and the chiefs of the other branches of the armed forces belonged to the body.

High Command (Glawkom): In the weeks to come, the shortcomings of the collective leadership body became apparent as German troops advanced far into Soviet territory. On July 10, 1941, Stalin therefore announced a fundamental reorganization of the command and control structures. Initially, three high commandos ( Russian : главнокомандоване transcription: Glawnokomandowane , short: Glawkom) were set up to coordinate the operations of the Red Army on the three main axes of the German advance:

Supreme Command: At the same time General Headquarters in the headquarters of the Supreme Command was renamed and Stalin took over as chairman of the State Defense Committee also chair the High Command to continue

Supreme Commander: On July 19, 1941, Stalin was appointed People's Commissar for Defense and finally on August 8, 1941, he was appointed Supreme Commander. Accordingly, the headquarters of the Supreme Command was renamed the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander and the following occupation was established:

The headquarters carried out its activities under the direction of the Politburo of the Central Committee (ZK) of the CPSU and the State Defense Committee of the USSR, which was intended to clarify the unity of the political and military struggle. At the joint meetings of the Politburo, the State Defense Committee and the Headquarters, the most important measures for preparing and conducting the campaigns and strategic operations were discussed and questions relating to the military situation in the country were dealt with.

General Staff: The General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR was the main operational management body of the headquarters for strategic planning and for commanding the armed forces on the fronts.

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