Alexei Alexejewitsch Brusilov

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General Brusilov (1916)

Alexei Alexeyevich Brusilov ( Russian Алексей Алексеевич Брусилов * August 19 . Jul / 31 August  1853 greg. In Tbilisi , Russian Empire ; † 17th March 1926 in Moscow ) was a general in the Imperial Russian Army in the First World War . He gained notoriety through leading the Brusilov offensive in 1916.

Career

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His father Alexei Nikolajewitsch (1787-1859) took part in the Patriotic War of 1812 , then served in the Caucasus and rose to lieutenant general , the mother Maria Luisa Antonovna Nestojemska was of Polish origin. Brusilov and his two brothers were taken in and raised in Kutaisi by his childless aunt Henrietta Antonowna and his uncle Karl Maxsimowitsch Hagemeister after the early death of their parents . On June 27, 1867, he began his training in the Page Corps , a higher educational institution for nobles with special classes for officer training. In the years 1872 to 1877 he was promoted from the ensign in the 15th (43rd) Tver Dragoon Regiment to first lieutenant and regimental adjutant and finally to staff captain on October 29, 1877.

In the Russo-Turkish War 1877-1878 he served on the Caucasus Front and distinguished himself in the capture of Ardahan and Kars , for which he received the Order of St. Anne 3rd Class with Swords and Ribbon and the Order of St. Stanislaus 2nd Class Swords received. In 1881 he became a lecturer at the St. Petersburg Cavalry Officers School, was promoted several times (Major General 1900), in 1898 as deputy director and in 1902 as director of the school. In 1906 he was appointed lieutenant general and took command of the 2nd Guards Cavalry Division. In 1909 he was given command of the XIV Army Corps stationed in Lublin on the border with the German Empire . On December 6, 1912 he was promoted to General of the Cavalry , from May also acted as deputy commander of the Warsaw military district and on August 15, 1913 was commander of the XII. Army Corps appointed in the Kiev Military District.

During the First World War , as General of the Cavalry, from July 28, 1914 , he commanded the 8th Army of General Nikolaj Ivanov's Southwest Front against the troops of Austria-Hungary . His army went north of the Dniester ago, his victory over the army group Kövess at the Zlota Lipa wore the end of August much to the victory of the north attacking 3rd Army Russkies in the Battle of Galicia in. After the conquest of Eastern Galicia , the 8th Army advanced to the Carpathian passes and occupied almost all of Bukovina . The 8th Army bore the brunt of the battle in the Carpathian Mountains in the winter of 1915, and on April 10, 1915 Brusilov was appointed adjutant general. On March 18, 1916, he succeeded General Ivanov and assumed command of the Southwest Front. On June 4, 1916, he initiated the successful Brusilov Offensive , which lasted until September 20, and which gave the Western allies, who were struggling hard at Verdun and on the Somme, urgently needed relief. For his successes in Volhynia , Galicia and Bukovina, Brusilov was awarded the Golden Sword for bravery with diamonds on July 20, 1916 - a very rare honor.

After the February Revolution in 1917 he was appointed Commander- in -Chief by War Minister Kerensky in place of Mikhail Alexejew on May 22 , after the failure of the Kerensky offensive on 18/31. July but replaced again and replaced by Lawr Kornilow .

He initially rejected the Bolshevik regime established by the October Revolution , but did not take part in the violent opposition that soon set in. After the first defeats of the whites in the Russian Civil War , he joined the Red Army on May 2, 1920 , where he became chairman of the special consultation with the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. There he worked out the military-theoretical foundations for Semjon Budjonnyj's 1st Red Cavalry Army . From 1921 to 1923 he was entrusted with duties in the cavalry, u. a. as chief military inspector for stud farms and horse breeding and as cavalry inspector of the Red Workers and Peasants Army.

On March 15, 1924 Brusilov was appointed to the Revolutionary Military Council . He died of heart failure in Moscow in 1926. Brusilov lost his only son, Alexei, when he was killed in action against the Whites near Oryol in 1919 as commander of the Red Army. Brusilov was very tormented by the death of his son, especially since he had joined the Red Army with the intention of protecting him from regime repression through his service.

literature

  • Alexei A. Brusilov: My memories. Military publishing house of the GDR, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-327-00631-8 .
  • Orlando Figes : A People's Tragedy. The Russian Revolution, 1891-1924. Cape, London 1996, ISBN 0-224-04162-2 (German: The tragedy of a people. The epoch of the Russian revolution 1891 to 1924. Berlin-Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-8270-0243-5 ).
  • Austria-Hungary's Last War Volume I. The war year 1914, publisher: Edmund Glaise-Horstenau Verlag der Militärwissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen, Vienna 1929.
  • Austria-Hungary's Last War Volume II. The war year 1915, publisher: Edmund Glaise-Horstenau Verlag der Militärwissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen, Vienna 1930.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Manfried Rauchsteiner: The death of the double eagle, Styria 1993, p. 165 f.
  2. ^ Hermann Stegemann's History of World War I, Volume I., Stuttgart 1917, pp. 270-320.
  3. ↑ Manfried Rauchsteiner: The death of the double eagle, Styria 1993, p. 345 f.

Web links

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personal data
SURNAME Brusilov, Alexei Alexejewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Brussilow, Alexej Alexejewitsch; Брусилов, Алексей Алексеевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian general
DATE OF BIRTH August 31, 1853
PLACE OF BIRTH Tbilisi , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH March 17, 1926
Place of death Moscow , Soviet Union