Hawarden Old Castle
| Hawarden Old Castle | ||
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.JPG) The ruin of the keep of Hawarden Old Castle |
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| Alternative name (s): | Hawarden Castle | |
| Creation time : | 11th century | |
| Place: | Hawarden (Wales) | |
| Geographical location | 53 ° 10 '50.2 " N , 3 ° 1' 6.6" W | |
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Hawarden Old Castle is a ruined castle in Flintshire , Wales . The ruin, classified as a Grade I cultural monument and protected as a Scheduled Monument , is located in the park of the Hawarden Castle on the southern edge of the town of Hawarden . The castle played an important role in the struggle for Welsh independence in the 13th century.
history
In place of the medieval castle there was already an Iron Age hill fort , of which mighty earth walls and moats have been preserved. The history of the medieval castle is unclear. It probably originated as a Norman moth shortly after the Norman conquest of North Wales under Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester , who gave the castle to the Montalt family. After the Welsh prince Llywelyn ap Gruffydd had conquered large parts of north-east Wales in 1257, he had Ewloe Castle built three kilometers northwest of Hawarden Castle, which had remained under English rule . During the Second War of the Barons , Prince Llywelyn met Henry de Montfort , son of Simon de Montfort , in the castle. The Welshman was promised the handover of the castle, and the marriage of Llywelyn to Eleanor , a daughter of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, was agreed. Presumably due to the defeat and death of Simon de Montfort in the Battle of Evesham , the castle was not handed over, which is why the angry Llywelyn conquered the castle in 1265, captured the English lord Robert de Montalt and then destroyed the castle. After the Treaty of Montgomery in 1267, Robert de Montalt got the lands of the castle back on the condition that the ruins not be rebuilt. Montalt did not adhere to the requirement and had a mighty stone keep built.
On the night of Palm Sunday in March 1282, Dafydd ap Gruffydd , the brother of Lord Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, raided the castle in a nightly raid and captured its constable Roger de Clifford , who was running the castle for the underage Roger de Montalt, during the Rest of the surprised crew was gutted. This action was the starting point of a comprehensive rebellion against the English supremacy of Wales. The English King Edward I responded to the rebellion with a campaign to Wales , during which Prince Llywelyn was killed and all of Wales was conquered by England. Even at the beginning of the campaign, Hawarden Castle was retaken by English troops, after which the castle was rebuilt more intensively.
During the Owain Glyndŵr rebellion in 1403 the castle withstood a rebel attack. In the 15th century the castle fell to Thomas Stanley, 1st Baron Stanley , who had the gate reinforced by the barbican around 1453 . King Henry VII was twice in 1490 and 1500 with Thomas son of the same name , the Earl of Derby , as a guest in the castle and went hunting in the adjacent deer park.
At the beginning of the English Civil War , the castle was occupied by royal troops in August 1643 due to its strategic importance. On November 11, 1643, parliamentary troops led by Sir William Brereton and Sir Thomas Middleton captured the castle. Since the parliamentary garrison of the castle threatened the supply port of Conwy , a 3,000-strong royal army now besieged the castle and recaptured it on December 3rd. The castle remained in the possession of the royal troops until it was besieged by parliamentary troops from May 1645 after the victory of the parliamentary troops in the battle of Naseby . The besiegers under General Thomas Mytton refrained from direct attacks, but after the defeat of Rowton Heath in September 1645 and the conquest of Chester in February 1646, the garrison's position was hopeless, so the occupation surrendered in March 1646. The parliament troops then had the castle razed. The property was confiscated by Parliament and sold to John Glynne in 1651 , who did not live in Hawarden. It was only his descendant, Sir John Glynne, who acquired the manor Broadlane Hall, not far from the ruins, through marriage . He had the old house from the 17th century demolished and replaced by a new mansion from 1752. This was named Hawarden Castle from the beginning of the 19th century . The old ruin was included in the design of the surrounding landscape park. The keep was partially raised to make it look more ruined. The ruins were restored in the 1860s and 1920s.
Like the manor house, the ruin is privately owned and only occasionally open to the public.
investment
The castle was built to protect and control the main road from Chester to North Wales. It was built in the middle of the Iron Age ramparts and consisted of a moth and east adjacent outer bailey . The round stone keep preserved today was built after 1265 on the summit of the Motte. It was originally over 12 m high and made of smoothly hewn stones. The access was on the ground floor. Inside, the tower contained two floors, which, similar to Caernarfon Castle, had an octagonal floor plan, this and other details indicate that the royal builder James of St. George was involved in the expansion of the castle. The two floors were connected by a spiral staircase. While the lower room served as a living room, the upper floor was divided into a chapel and a bedroom. To the east of the Motte is the castle courtyard, which was originally surrounded by a high circular wall, the walls of which are still preserved, especially on the north and east sides. The great was located on the east side of the yard Palas , nor a wall of the lancet is received. The castle gate, secured with a barbican and drawbridge, was on the north side, but only small remains have survived.
Web links
- CastlesFortsBattles.co.uk: Hawarden Castle
- Castles of Wales: Hawarden Castle
- British Listed Buildings: Hawarden Castle (Old), Hawarden Castle Estate, Hawarden
Individual evidence
- ^ British Listed Buildings: Hawarden Castle (Old), Hawarden Castle Estate, Hawarden. Retrieved December 6, 2015 .
- ^ Adrian Pettifer: Welsh Castles. A Guide by Counties . Boydell, Woodbridge 2000, ISBN 978-0-85115-778-8 , p. 75
- ^ Adrian Pettifer: Welsh Castles. A Guide by Counties . Boydell, Woodbridge 2000, ISBN 978-0-85115-778-8 , p. 75