Heidschi Bumbeidschi

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Heidschi Bumbeidschi is a German-language folk song in Bavarian dialect that has been handed down in Bavaria and Austria since the beginning of the 19th century. It is often referred to as the cradle song or sometimes incorrectly called a Christmas carol . However, the song is ambiguous lyrically.

Sources and tradition

The earliest known source is the song Haidl Bubaidl , which was recorded in Austria and published in 1819. As in Kretzschmer / Zuccalmaglio in 1840 and in Franz Magnus Böhme in 1897, the song is clearly characterized as a “lullaby”. The melody given in these sources does not match the one known today. The earliest records indicate Lower Austria and German Bohemia as the region of origin . A song with the text beginning “Haia Pupaia, mein Kindlein schlåff ein”, which is completely similar to the Haidl Bubaidl in the verse scheme , was sung in 1724 at an “ Wirtschaft ”, ie a carnival festival , at the Viennese court. The melody of this song, however, has not been passed down.

The melody sung today, together with the text, was distributed from 1905 onwards through a song book of the German Folk Song Association Vienna. It was recorded by Mila Moherndl in Heuraffl near Friedberg in the Bohemian Forest . The beginning of the text in this version was a little differently Åba haidschi mei Büabai schlåf långi; the editors state that they added the third and fourth stanzas to Ziska / Schottky (1819), since "the first stanza shows that the two lullabies are just different readings of one and the same song". The text version widespread today, Aber heidschi bumbeidschi , has been documented since 1926. In 1943 the melody was also published by folk music collector Wastl Fanderl . However, a very similar melody was quoted several times in art music of the 19th century, for example in the Rhapsodie espagnole p. 254 by Franz Liszt (1845) and in the post horn solo in the 3rd movement of the 3rd symphony by Gustav Mahler (1892–96 ). It is currently not clear which templates these melody quotes could be traced back to.

Origin and meaning

When interpreting the traditional text, which has been changed many times, it is noticeable that at the beginning there is talk of a mother who leaves her boy alone, in the next stanzas about his journey to heaven and in the last stanza about a little boy, who was taken from his mother.

There are various possible interpretations for this. On the one hand, several authors suspect that the song refers to the high infant mortality rate during the early modern period and that “Heidschi Bumbeidschi” therefore means death.

Other sources, however, relate the etymological origin of the term to Austrian hutschen for " lull you to sleep". The "Haid'l-Bubaid'l" quoted in the older version of the text was translated as "sleep" in the Lower Austrian dialect in the 19th century. Franz Magnus Böhme noted: “The initial syllables that seem meaningless are variants of 'Heia Bubbeia'. They say something like 'Sleep, boy!' "

In the middle of the 19th century the thesis arose in Vienna that the lullaby opening words "Heidschi Bumbeidschi" or "Eia Popeia" were based on a Greek lullaby "Heude mou paidion", the Greek princesses, especially Theodora , the wife of Babenberger - Duke Heinrich II , would have brought with them from their homeland from the 12th century onwards. However, modern research regards this thesis as unlikely.

text

About heidschi bumbeidschi, sleep long,
it is your mother going out;
she is jånga out and comes neamer hoam
and leaves dås kloan Biabele gånz alloan!
About heidschi bumbeidschi bum bum,
about heidschi bumbeidschi bum bum.

About heidschi bumbeidschi, sleep siaße,
the angels let you griaßn!
They let you griaßn and let you ask
whether you want to go for a walk in Heaven.
About heidschi bumbeidschi ...

About heidschi bumbeidschi, in 'Heaven, there is
a snow-white Schimml,
on it sits a kloans Engei with oaner Låtern,
looking lightly' from 'Himml der ållerschenst Stern.
About heidschi bumbeidschi ...

The Heidschi bumbeidschi is kumma
and has ma my Biable mitgnumma;
he håt ma's mitgnumma and håts neamer bråcht,
so I win my 'Biaberl a really good night!
About heidschi bumbeidschi ...

Interpretations

In Germany, the interpretations of Peter Alexander (1965), Heintje (1968) and Andrea Berg (1999) made it into the charts. The text was translated into the standard German language in a softened or completely changed form. The best-known and most successful interpretation comes from Heintje from 1968, which stayed in the German top 10 charts for 16 weeks, 8 weeks of which was at number 1. Berg's version, which also appeared on the album December Night , reached the 46th place in the German charts and 65th in the Austrian charts. Naturally, none of the three versions contribute to the origin and interpretation of the song.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz Ziska , Julius Max Schottky : Austrian folk songs with their singing ways. Hartleben, Pesth 1819, p. 3 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  2. ^ Andreas Kretzschmer , Anton Wilhelm von Zuccalmaglio : German folk songs with their original ways. Part 2. Vereinbuchhandlung, Berlin 1840, p. 653 ff. ( Digitized in the Google book search).
  3. ^ A b Franz Magnus Böhme : German children's song and children's game. Breitkopf and Härtel, Leipzig 1897, p. 23 ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ a b Grete Horak: The share of South Tyrol in the Tyrolean nursery rhymes. In: Walter Deutsch, Gerlinde Haid (Ed.): Contributions to the musical folk culture in South Tyrol (= writings on folk music. Volume 17). Böhlau, Vienna, 1997, ISBN 3-205-98843-4 , pp. 108–146, here p. 111 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  5. ^ A b Anton Hofer: Sprüche, Spiele and Lieder der Kinder (= Corpus musicae popularis Austriacae: Complete edition of folk music in Austria , Volume 16). Böhlau, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-205-98857-4 , p. 26 f. ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. ^ A b Karl Magnus Klier : Eia popeia - a Greek song? In: The German folk song . Journal for his knowledge and care 37 (1935), pp. 4-7.
  7. ^ A b c Josef Reiter , Franz Friedrich Kohl (arrangement): Heimatlieder from German Bohemia, Upper Austria, Lower Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Salzburg, Tyrol, Switzerland and Bavaria. 1st part (= second song book of the German Folk Song Association Vienna). Vienna 1905, pp. 6-7.
  8. ↑ a b Otto Kampmüller: Upper Austrian lullabies. In: Oberösterreichische Heimatblätter 30 (1976), pp. 173–190, here p. 184 f, online (PDF; 768 kB) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at
  9. ^ Gustav Jungbauer: Bibliography of the German folk song in Böhmen (= contributions to German-Bohemian folklore; Volume XI). Calve, Prague 1913. Reprint: Olms, Hildesheim 1975, ISBN 3-487-05766-2 , p. 352 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  10. ↑ a b Curt Rotter (Ed.): Sing mar oans! Deutscher Verlag für Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1926, p. 18.
  11. ↑ Wastl Fanderl (ed.): Hirankl-Horankl. Wiegengsangl, Kinderversl, Bauernratsel, Jodler u. many funny Liadl f. Dirndl u. Buam from the Alps. Richters, Erfurt 1943.
  12. ↑ Brigitte Esser (ed.): Harenberg cultural guide concert. 7th edition. Meyers Lexikonverl., Mannheim 2007, ISBN 978-3-411-76161-6 , p. 377 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  13. ^ Jan Reichow : Mahler's post horn. ( Memento from November 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) janreichow.de, July 14, 2010, accessed on November 1, 2014
  14. ↑ Oliver Rezec: Who brings the small children ( Memento from January 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). Germany radio knowledge
  15. ↑ Günther Noll : Comments on current questions about the lullaby. In: ad marginem. Announcements from the Institute for European Ethnic Music at the University of Cologne 84 (2012), pp. 3–23 ( online , PDF, 350 KB)
  16. ^ Franz Ziska, Julius Max Schottky: Austrian folk songs with their singing ways. Hartleben, Pesth 1819, p. 272 ​​( digitized in the Google book search)
  17. ↑ Berthold Sengschmitt : About the connection between the Austrian vernacular and the three older German dialects. Annual report of the Schottengymnasium, Vienna 1852, p. 4. Quoted from: Karl Magnus Klier: Eia popeia - a Greek song? In: The German folk song. Journal for his knowledge and care 37 (1935), pp. 4-7.
  18. ↑ Gernot Heiss, Konrad Paul Liessmann (ed.): The Millennium: Essays on a thousand years of Austria. Sonderzahl, Vienna 1996, ISBN 385449100X , p. 35 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  19. ↑ Heidschi Bumbeidschi by Heintje at chartsurfer.de
  20. ↑ Heintje - Heidschi Bumbeidschi at hitparade.ch
  21. ↑ Andrea Berg - Aba Heidschi Bumbeidschi , hitparade.ch