Heliotropioideae
| Heliotropioideae | ||||||||||||
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Vanilla flower ( Heliotropium arborescens ), inflorescences |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Heliotropioideae | ||||||||||||
| Arn. |
The heliotropioideae are a subfamily within the family of Borage Family (Boraginaceae). For some authors it also has the rank of a family Heliotropiaceae Schrader. This subfamily contains about eight genera with 450 species , and is represented worldwide, from the temperate latitudes to the tropics .
description
There are one to perennial herbaceous plants , half-shrubs , shrubs , trees or rarely lianas . The name Raublattgewächse indicates the characteristic hairiness of the leaves and stems that many of the Central European species have. The mostly alternate leaves are simple and have entire margins. There are no stipules.
The flowers sit in zymous inflorescences or are solitary in some Heliotropium species. The mostly hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and usually five-fold. Some heliotropium species are dioeciously separated sexes ( diocesan ). The sepals (sepals) are at the base and the petals (petals) are completely fused together and form tubular or salver-shaped flowers. There is only one circle with mostly five fertile stamens (tetracyclic flower). The stamens are fused with the petals and usually set on half the length of the petals. The mostly two carpels form the upper ovary . In contrast to all other predatory plants, the stylus here stands at the end of the ovary and ends in a characteristic stylus / stigma complex that only occurs in this subfamily. Here, as an exception in the Boraginaceae family, stone fruits with four solitary kernels are formed, but some taxa also have clauses as is common in the whole family.
Systematics and distribution
They are at home worldwide in the tropics to the warm temperate latitudes. The subfamily of the Heliotropioideae contains four to eight genera with 405 to 450 species:
- Argusia Böhm : The two to three species are common in Central Asia. There are perennial herbaceous plants that form Klausen.
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Ceballosia Kunkel : It contains only one species:
- Ceballosia fruticosa (L. f. Ex G. Kunkel) G.Kunkel ex Förther : This shrub iswidespreadin Macaronesia . He forms Klausen.
- Solstices ( Heliotropium L. ): The 250 to 300 species in 19 sections are distributed almost worldwide and form Klausen.
- Hilgeria Förther : The only three species occur on the Caribbean islands. It is herbaceous plants that form Klausen.
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Ixorhea Fenzl : It contains only one species:
- Ixorhea tschudiana Fenzl : This shrub only grows in the Argentine province of Salta and forms large, winged coves.
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Nogalia Verdc. : It contains only one type:
- Nogalia drepanophylla (Baker) Verdc. : The homeland is Somalia and southwestern Arabia. It is a succulent plant and makes drupes.
- Schleidenia Endl. : The six to eight species are distributed in Central and South America, in the Caribbean in Africa , Madagascar and India . They are herbaceous plants with solitary flowers that form stone fruits.
- Tournefortia L .: The approximately 150 species are pantropically distributed. They are small trees or lianas that form drupes.
swell
- Description of the subfamily at APWesite. (Section systematics and description)
- Nadja Diane, Harald Förther, Hartmut H. Hilger: A systematic analysis of Heliotropium, Tournefortia, and allied taxa of the Heliotropiaceae (Boraginales) based on ITS1 sequences and morphological data . (engl.)
Individual evidence
- ^ Systematics of the subfamily Heliotropioideae . ( Memento of the original from September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
