Henriette Presburg

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Henriette Presburg , also known as Henriette Marx and spelling Henriette Preßburg (born September 20, 1788 in Nijmegen ; died November 30, 1863 in Trier ), wife of Heinrich Marx and mother of Karl Marx .

Life

Synagogue on Nonnenstraat in Nijmegen, where Henriette's grandfather was a rabbi and her father was a reader
8, Simeonstrasse, Trier: House of the Marx family 1819–42

Henriette Presburg was the daughter of the textile merchant and reader of the Jewish community Isaak Heyman Presburg and his wife Nanette Salomon, geb. Cohen. Henriette had four siblings, including sister Fijtje (later Sophie Philips , wife of Lion Philips ).

On November 22nd, 1814, she married Heinrich Marx in Nijmegen. A prenuptial agreement was concluded prior to the marriage . After the marriage, the family moved to Trier. Their children Mauritz David , Sophia , Karl, Henriette , Louise , Emilie , Caroline and Eduard were born in Trier . Her son Hermann Marx was born in Nijmegen . Henriette Marx was baptized on November 20, 1825 "after prior instruction in Christianity" after her children had already been baptized in August 1824. Of their children, only Sophia Schmalhausen, Karl, Louise Juta and Emilie Conadi survived.

In June 1833 Heinrich and Henriette Marx authorized Lion Philips as the authorized representative for the legacy of their parents.

After the death of her husband Heinrich on May 10, 1838, she took care of the handling of inheritance matters. On May 10, 1838, the lawyers Ernest Dominik Laeis and Johann Heinrich Schlink registered the death of Karl Marx's father Heinrich. Schlink became the guardian of the underage children, including Karl. Her share of inheritance from the marriage contract was 11,130 thalers . The inheritance between her and the living children was made in June 1841. In addition to the inheritance share from the marriage contract, Henriette also received half of the inheritance in the amount of 5,627 thalers. The latter sum was divided among the seven children, so that each child was entitled to 482 talers, 9 silver groschen and 7 pfennigs. At various later times, Karl Marx tried again and again to get an advance on his share of the inheritance of his mother's later inheritance. In fact, by 1863 he received a total of 5,250 guilders advance on his mother's future inheritance.

Henriette Marx died in Trier on November 30, 1863. The funeral service took place on December 4, 1863 in the Church of the Redeemer . She was buried in the Protestant cemetery.

The Marx biographers usually judge Henriette Marx negatively, especially because of her poor spelling, and call her “not exactly an intellectual” ( Arnold Künzli ), an “uneducated woman who was completely concerned about her large household, her talent or inclinations did not show the slightest understanding for her son ”( Isaiah Berlin ),“ a good housemaid without special spiritual gifts ”( Otto Rühle ),“ a not very educated, but very emotionally warm woman who was absorbed in taking care of the family ”( Werner Blumenberg ) or similar.

Her daughter Emilie Conradi described her mother as follows: "My dear mother was a world-wise man in the enjoyment of life and an angel in deprivation and loss". In 1883 Henriette Marx was described as "small and delicate, very intelligent". After all, she was a clever housekeeper who knew how to divide her inheritance and who left her children with a larger sum than inheritance. In any case, she could handle money better than her famous son Karl Marx.

Karl Marx and his mother (in letters and documents)
  • "As I have already written to you, I fell apart with my family and as long as my mother lives, I have no right to my property."
  • “I looked around in vain in Trier (with my mother) and in Cologne with her trade friends at 1200 f. to borrow, which I need to have to get back in order ”.
  • "It is true, however, that the widow Justizrathin Marx, mother of Dr. phil. Carl Marx on February 7th J. received a sum of 6000 six thousand francs from us in Paris. "
  • “Finally: bad news from my old woman. She makes everything dependent on Bommel . I will probably have to risk the coup de désespoir [= act of desperation]. "
  • "Then I wrote to my mother, threatening to draw her bill of exchange on her and, in the event of non-payment, to go to Prussia and have me locked up."
  • "Unfortunately, instead of the awaiting letter, the following note from your dear mother was received, actually no other answer was to be expected, I was still quietly hoping for a small sum".
  • "As proven once again in Trier, nothing can be done with my old woman until I am sitting right on her neck."
  • “I received a long letter from my mother on Saturday. [...] The old woman's letter is such that I may have a meeting between us in a few weeks. "
  • "Meanwhile I'll see what to set up with my mother, it's a very ticklish point how I should answer the old woman about my relationship with Prussia. [...] She writes that her hours are numbered. But I think that's a phrase. "
  • “My mother wrote me an absurd letter. she postpones the argument until I 'will' visit her. "
  • "Meanwhile, I tried another way at first, by writing to my mother whether she would like to lend me the money for a few weeks. Je verrai. "
  • “My stay in Trier was useful to me as my mother destroyed some old promissory notes. Incidentally, I was also interested in the old woman because of her very fine esprit and unshakable character ”.
  • "From there I went to [...] Trier to my old woman, but without success, which I immediately suspected".
  • “Wouldn't my mother instead of Mary have , who has already lived her life fully and properly ...? You see what strange ideas the civilized come to under the pressure of certain circumstances. "
  • “Two hours ago I received a telegram that my mother is dead. Fate demanded one from the house. I myself had one foot under the ground. In any case, under the circumstances, I am even more necessary than the old woman. I have to go to Trier because of the inheritance settlement. "
  • "My private circumstances have improved with the inheritance following my mother's death."
  • “How right my mother! 'If Karell had made capital instead of etc.!' "

Letters

  • Heinrich and Henriette Marx to Karl Marx. November 18-29, 1836.
  • Heinrich and Henriette Marx to Karl Marx. February - early March 1836.
  • Heinrich, Henriette and Sophia Marx to Karl Marx. December 28, 1836.
  • Heinrich and Henriette Marx to Karl Marx. August 12-14, 1837.
  • Heinrich and Henriette Marx to Karl Marx. September 16, 1837.
  • Heinrich, Henriette and Sophia Marx to Karl Marx. February 10, 1838.
  • Henriette and Heinrich Marx to Karl Marx. February 15-16, 1838.
  • Henriette Marx to Karl Marx. October 22, 1838.
  • Henriette Marx to Karl Marx. May 29, 1840.
  • Henriette Marx to Henriette van Anrooji. (after) November 18, 1851.
  • Laura Marx to Henriette Marx. [presumably late 1851 or early 1852].
  • Henriette Marx to Sophie Philips and Lion Philips. February 2, 1853.
  • Henriette Marx to Sophie Philips and Lion Philips. April 14, 1853.
  • Henriette Marx to the Marx family (fragment). [probably around 1860]

literature

  • Hans Stein: The conversion of the Marx family to Protestant Christianity . In: Yearbook of the Cologne History Association , Volume 14, Cologne 1932, pp. 126–129.
  • Werner Blumenberg : An Unknown Chapter from Marx's Life . In: International Review of Social History , 1 (1956), No. 1, pp. 54-111.
  • Heinz Monz : The inheritance agreement Henriette Marx . In: De Antiquaar. Tijdschrift van de Nederlandsche Vereeniging van Antiquaren . 2nd year, Hilversum 1971, pp. 6-11.
  • Heinz Monz: Karl Marx. Basics of life and work . NCO-Verlag, Trier 1973, especially pp. 221-244.
  • Kurt P. Tudyka: "Henriette Presburg: Ter herinnering aan de moeder van Karl Marx", in: Numaga Tijdschrift gewijd aan heden en verleden van Nijmegen en omgeving, jaargang XXXIII, February 1985.

Web links

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Jan Gielkens, pp. 37-38.
  2. ↑ marriage certificate 119/1814. (Manfred Schöncke, pp. 140-141).
  3. ↑ Heinz Monz: Karl Marx. Basics of the Development of Life and Work , p. 245.
  4. ↑ Manfred Schöncke, p. 220.
  5. ↑ Death file 321 Trier death register, 1838. (Manfred Schöncke, p. 282 f.)
  6. ↑ Collection of Heinrich Marx's estate (State Main Archives Koblenz Dept. 587.40 No. 533. (Manfred Schöncke, p. 287 f.)
  7. ^ Henriette Marx: newspaper advertisement in: Trierer Zeitung from June 9, 1838; Record of Heinrich Marx's estate from August 24 to November 28, 1838. (Manfred Schöncke, pp. 284–285 and 287–302.)
  8. ^ Draft partition contract between Henriette Marx and her children June 23, 1841. (Manfred Schöncke, pp. 307–309.)
  9. ↑ Manfred Schöncke, p. 337.
  10. ↑ Manfred Schöncke, p. 762 ff.
  11. ↑ Karl Marx. A psychography . Europa Verlag, Vienna 1966, p. 53.
  12. ↑ Karl Marx. His life and his work . R. Piper, Munich 1959, p. 40.
  13. ↑ Karl Marx. Life and work . Avalun-Verlag, Hellerau near Dresden 1928, p. 17.
  14. ↑ Karl Marx in personal testimonies and photo documents . Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 1962, p. 20.
  15. ↑ Emilie Conradi to Babette Blum November 9, 1865. ( Bernhard Wachstein : The descent of Karl Marx . Kobenhavn 1923, p. 278 ff.)
  16. ^ Anamnesis sheet Sophia Schmalhausen, née Marx (1883). (Manfred Schöncke, p. 554.)
  17. ^ Karl Marx to Arnold Ruge January 25, 1843. ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 27, p. 415.)
  18. ^ Karl Marx to Joseph Weydemeyer, May 14th or 16th, 1846. ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 39, p. 516.)
  19. ^ Bert Andréas : Marx's arrest and expulsion from Brussels February / March 1848 . Trier 1978, p. 131 and footnote 365. (= writings from the Karl-Marx-Haus 22)
  20. ^ Karl Marx to Friedrich Engels March 8, 1851. ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 27, p. 215.)
  21. ^ Karl Marx to Friedrich Engels March 31, 1851. ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 27, p. 226.)
  22. ↑ Jenny Marx to Karl Marx May 30th and May 1st – 2nd June 1852. (Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe. Department III. Volume 5, p. 381.)
  23. ^ Karl Marx to Friedrich Engels September 13, 1854. ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 27, p. 391.)
  24. ^ Karl Marx to Friedrich Engels July 20, 1858. ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 29, p. 346.)
  25. ^ Karl Marx to Friedrich Engels August 8, 1858. ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 29, p. 349.)
  26. ^ Karl Marx to Friedrich Engels October 22, 1858. ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 29, p. 365.)
  27. ^ Karl Marx to Ferdinand Lassalle March 28, 1859. ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 29, p. 586.)
  28. ^ Karl Marx to Ferdinand Lassalle April 8, 1861. ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 32, p. 602.)
  29. ^ Karl Marx to Friedrich Engels September 10, 1862. ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 32, p. 286.)
  30. ^ Karl Marx to Friedrich Engels January 8, 1863. ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 32, p. 311.)
  31. ^ Karl Marx to Friedrich Engels December 2, 1863. ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 30, p. 376.)
  32. ^ Karl Marx to Louis Kugelmann November 29, 1864. ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 31, p. 430.)
  33. ^ Karl Marx to Friedrich Engels April 30, 1868. ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 32, p. 75.)
  34. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department III. Volume 1. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1975, pp. 290-292. Marx-Engels Works. Volume 40, pp. 616-619 .
  35. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department III. Volume 1. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1975, pp. 293-295. Marx-Engels Works. Volume 40, pp. 620-622 .
  36. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department III. Volume 1. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1975, pp. 290-292.
  37. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department III. Volume 1. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1975, pp. 311-314.
  38. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department III. Volume 1. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1975, pp. 317-320.
  39. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department III. Volume 1. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1975, pp. 328-329.
  40. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department III. Volume 1. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 330.
  41. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department III. Volume 1. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 334.
  42. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department III. Volume 1. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1975, pp. 347-348.
  43. ↑ January Gielkens, S. 143rd
  44. ↑ Heinz Monz: Karl Marx - Trier Reminiscences . Neu & Co., Trier 1969, p. 24.
  45. ↑ Jan Gielkens, pp. 145–146.
  46. ↑ Jan Gielkens, pp. 154–155.
  47. ↑ […] "and farewell my dear ones all, the omnipotent one, keep you safe and sound, also thank you very much for the attention your mother and grandmother Henriette Marx adio." ( Family Marx private. The photo and questionnaire albums of Marx's daughters Laura and Jenny. An annotated facsimile edition . Ed. By Izumi Omura, Valerij Fomičev, Rolf Hecker and Shun-ichi Kubo. With an essay by Iring Fetscher , Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-05-004118-8 , p . 371).
personal data
SURNAME Presburg, Henriette
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Marx, Henriette; Pressburg, Henriette
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Mother of Karl Marx
DATE OF BIRTH September 20, 1788
PLACE OF BIRTH Nijmegen
DATE OF DEATH November 30, 1863
Place of death trier