Heinrich Marx (Counselor)

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Heinrich Marx (originally Heschel Levi ) (born April 15, 1777 in Saarlouis , † May 10, 1838 in Trier ) was a Prussian lawyer and since October 15, 1831 judicial counsel . He was the father of the philosopher Karl Marx .

Life

Karl Marx House in Trier : Heinrich Marx lived here in 1818/1819 (today a museum, Brückenstraße 10).
House of the Marx family in Trier, Simeonstraße 8

His parents were the Trier rabbi Mordechai Marx Levy (* 1743 in Postelberg , Bohemia ; † October 24, 1804 in Trier) and Chaje Levoff (1754–1823), the daughter of the Trier rabbi (since 1764) Moses Lwów († August 5, 1788 ). Heschel's paternal grandfather was Samuel Mordechai; his great grandfather was Mordechai Marx. From 1788, after the father-in-law's death, the father was a rabbi in Trier.

Heschel's older brother Samuel followed his father after his death as chief rabbi in Trier.

Heschel was initially secretary of the Jewish consistory in Trier . As a result of the Napoleonic laws, the family had the surname Marx (previously Marx Levy ) since October 4, 1808 .

In October 1810 he began his legal studies in Berlin. In 1811/12 he worked as a sworn translator for the court authorities in Osnabrück . Here he also joined the short-term Masonic lodge L'Étoile anséatique (The Hanseatic Star). At the latest during this time he took the first name Henry or Heinrich . From 1813 he continued his studies in Koblenz at the École de Droit , which he completed with the Brevet de capacité (diploma). In January 1814 he settled as Avoué in Trier.

On November 21, 1814, a marriage contract was signed and on November 22, he married Henriette Presburg in Nijmegen . His father was a rabbi in Trier from 1788. Her father was a prayer leader for the Jewish community and her great-great-grandparents were Simon Presburg and Hanna , daughter of Meir Menzeles . His brother-in-law became Lion Philips .

After Trier became Prussian as a result of the Congress of Vienna and in 1816 the Prussian Minister of Justice gave him the alternative of giving up his profession or being baptized, he was probably baptized by the evangelical divisional preacher Mühlenhoff in 1820 (late 1819 to spring 1820) . His children and wife were not baptized until 1824 and 1825, respectively.

From 1816 he was called advocate (lawyer with limited powers) and from 1820 lawyer . For a long time he was a Bâtonnier (head of the Trier legal profession) and received the title of judicial councilor in 1831. His annual income was estimated at 1,500 thalers in 1832 . The suum cuique was of decisive importance for him . He called for general laws against usury . Politically, he advocated representation of the people .

siblings

  • Samuel Marx (rabbi)
  • Esther Marx (* 1786 in Trier; † July 16, 1865 in Frankfurt am Main ), married since 1810 to Gabriel Kosel (* 1780 in Schnaittach † February 7, 1857 in Frankfurt am Main), businessman
  • Moises Marx (* 1788 in Trier; † March 13, 1808 in Trier), student
  • Babette Marx (* 1789 in Trier; † June 7, 1875 in Trier), married since 1813 to Alexandre Blum (* September 1782 Dürmenach † 1862 Algiers ), businessman
  • Cerf (Hirsch) Marx (* 1790 in Trier; † around or after 1831), watchmaker, married to Henrietta Medex (* 1796 in Eijsden ) since 1820
  • Golem (* September 1798 in Trier; † August 22, 1799 in Trier)
  • Jakobus Marx (born June 16, 1800 in Trier; † January 6, 1850 in Schlettstadt ), businessman, married to Rose Blum since 1827 , c. Scriber (* 1790 in Epfig near Schlettstadt; † August 20, 1862 in Schlettstadt)

children

See also: Siblings Marx

Publications

  • A few remarks about the Napoleonic decree of March 17, 1808, on the occasion of the happy unification of our country with the royal Prussian monarchy ; printed in Adolf Kober : Karl Marx's father and the Napoleonic exceptional law against the Jews 1808 .
  • About the value of the commercial courts in the Royal. Prussian Rhine provinces . In: Niederrheinisches Archiv for Legislation, Jurisprudence and Justice Administration ; I. vol., Cologne 1817, p. 7 ff. (Recently in the archive for social history, vol. 8, 1968, p. 277 ff. Online )
  • Ceremonial speech in honor of the state parliament deputies on January 13, 1834 ; printed by Heinz Monz : Karl Marx - Basics of the Development of Life and Work ; Trier 1973, p. 134.

literature

  • From dark times . In: The New World . Supplement forward Berlin . 19th year, 1894, No. 18 and 19
  • Bernhard Wachstein : The descent from Karl Marx . In: Festkrift i anledning af Professor David Simonsens 70-aarige Fodestag . Kobenhavn 1923, pp. 278-289.
  • Eugen Lewin-Dorsch: family and pedigree of Karl Marx . In: The bell . 9th year, 1923, pp. 309 ff. And 340 ff.
  • H. Horowitz: The Lwów family . In: Monthly magazine for the history and science of Judaism . 72nd volume, 1928, pp. 487-499.
  • Bernhard Brilling : Contributions to the history of the Jews in Trier . In: Trierisches Jahrbuch 1958, Trier 1958, pp. 46–50.
  • Adolf Kober : From the history of the Jews in the Rhineland . In: Rhenish Association for Monument Preservation and Heritage Protection . 1931, issue 1. Düsseldorf 1931, p. 11 ff.
  • Adolf Kober: Karl Marx's father and the Napoleonic exceptional law against the Jews 1808 . In: Yearbook of the Cologne History Association, Vol. 14. Cologne 1932.
  • Hans Stein: The conversion of the Marx family to Protestant Christianity . In: Yearbook of the Cologne History Association , Vol. 14, Cologne 1932, pp. 126–129
  • Heinz Monz : Karl Marx and Trier. Relationships relationships influences . New publishing house, Trier 1964.
  • Heinz Monz: The legal ethical and legal political views of Heinrich Marx . In: Archives for Social History Vol. VIII, 1968, p. 261 ff.
  • Heinz Monz: The social situation of the parental family of Karl Marx ; In: Karl Marx 1818 - 1968 - New Studies on Person and Teaching ; Mainz, 1968, pp. 67-130.
  • Adalbert Bauer: Karl Marx on the 150th birthday. Brief reference to ancestors and descendants . In: Genealogy. German magazine for family studies . Vol. IX., 17./18. Vol., 1968/69, Neustadt ad Aisch 1968, pp. 179-181.
  • Eugen Rapp: Epithaphs for ancestors of Karl Marx in the Jewish cemetery in Trier . In: Trier magazine for the history and art of the Trier region and its neighboring areas . 1970, pp. 175-182.
  • Heinz Monz: Karl Marx. Basics of life and work . NCO-Verlag, Trier 1973.
  • Heinz Monz: The Jewish origin of Karl Marx . In: Yearbook of the Institute for German History . Volume 2, Tel Aviv 1973, p. 173.
  • Richard Laufner, Albert Rausch: The Marx family and the Trier Jews. Trier 1975 (= writings from the Karl-Marx-Haus issue 14)
  • Heinz Monz: The forest trial of Mark Thalfang as the basis for Karl Marx's criticism of the debates about the wood theft law . In: Yearbook for West German State History . Vol. 3. Koblenz 1977, special edition pp. 1-24.
  • Heinz Monz: Attorney at Law Heinrich Marx. The professional training of a lawyer . In: Yearbook for West German State History. Vol. 3. Koblenz 1977, special edition
  • Heinz Monz: Attorney at Law Heinrich Marx. The professional training of a lawyer in the French Rhineland . In: Yearbook of the Institute for German History . Vol. VIII. Tel Aviv 1979, pp. 125-141.
  • Heinz Monz: New finds on the life of Karl Marx's father . In: Osnabrücker Mitteilungen . Vol. 87. Osnabrück 1981, pp. 59-71.
  • Heinz Monz: The Trier farms as a role model for the Senegalese communautés rurales . In: Yearbook for West German State History . Vol. 11. Koblenz 1985, pp. 153-184.
  • Manfred Schöncke: Karl and Heinrich Marx and their siblings . Pahl-Rugenstein, Cologne 1993, pp. 98-359 and 477-482. ISBN 3-89144-185-1
  • Heinz Monz: Marx, Heinrich (initially Heschel) . In: Trier Biographical Lexicon . Overall processing: Heinz Monz. Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz, Koblenz 2000, p. 282 f. ISBN 3-931014-49-5
  • Heinz Monz: New life data on the ancestors of Karl Marx . In: Landeskundliche Vierteljahresblätter , Trier 2004, p. 11 ff.
  • Manfred Schöncke: Heinrich Marx's library in 1838. An annotated directory . In: Marx-Engels-Jahrbuch 2005, Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2006, pp. 128–172. on-line
  • Heinz Monz:  MARX, Heinrich. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 5, Bautz, Herzberg 1993, ISBN 3-88309-043-3 , Sp. 962-963.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Heinrich Gemkow : From the life of a Rhenish family in the 19th century. Archival finds on the von Westphalen and Marx families . In: Yearbook for West German State History. Volume 34, 2008 special edition, pp. 497-524.
  • Horst Sassin : On the interpretation of the sources on the conversion of Heinrich Marx - With further aspects of the Protestant family history of Karl Marx, his parents and siblings . In: Yearbook for Evangelical Church History of the Rhineland , 68th year, Bonn 2019, pp. 107-136. ISSN  0540-6226

Web links

supporting documents

  1. ^ Trier'sche Zeitung of October 21, 1831, p. 1, column 1 (printed: Manfred Schöncke: Karl and Heinrich Marx , p. 215.)
  2. ^ All documents printed by Manfred Schöncke (1993), pp. 1–17.
  3. ↑ A walk through Nijmegen. A communist and the founder of a multinational corporation have the same roots
  4. ^ Trier (Rhineland-Palatinate). Jewish history / synagogues from the Middle Ages to the present.
  5. ↑ State Main Archive Koblenz. Inventory 312.7 No. 3. Printed by Manfred Schöncke, pp. 29–30.
  6. ^ Nikolaus Sandmann: Heinrich Marx, Jew, Freemason and father of Karl Marx . In: Humanität, magazine for society, culture and intellectual life , Hamburg; Issue 5/1992, pp. 13-15.
  7. ↑ Nijmegen municipal archives 22-11-1819 (a 119)
  8. ^ Karl Marx and his connections to the Dutch company Philips ( Memento from January 2, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ↑ Heinz Monz: Karl Marx. Basics of life and work , p. 224.
  10. ↑ Horst Sassin: On the interpretation of the sources on the conversion of Heinrich Marx , p. 116 f. and 134.
  11. ↑ Manfred Schöncke still suspected that the baptism took place between the death of Mauritz David Marx in 1819 and the year 1821, when the divisional preacher Mühlenhoff went to Berlin without having entered the baptism of Heinrich Marx. (Manfred Schöncke, p. 478.)
  12. ↑ Jürgen Herres: Cholera, poverty and a "compulsory tax" 1831/32 . In Kurtrierisches Jahrbuch . 30. Jg. 1990. Trier 1990, pp. 161-203, here p. 197.
  13. ^ Was baptized Catholic with his family in Aachen at Whitsun 1831 . (Manfred Schöncke, pp. 446-469).
personal data
SURNAME Marx, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Levi, Heschel (maiden name); Marx, Henry
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prussian attorney-at-law
DATE OF BIRTH April 15, 1777
PLACE OF BIRTH Saarlouis
DATE OF DEATH May 10, 1838
Place of death trier