Herman Lieberman
Herman Lieberman (born January 3 or January 4, 1870 in Drohobytsch , Austria-Hungary , † October 21, 1941 in London ) was a Polish politician.
Life and activity
Liebermann grew up as the son of the businessman Josef Heinrich Lieberman, the manager of a company in the oil industry, in economically prosperous circumstances in Galicia. He attended high schools in Boryslav and Stryj . After finishing school, he studied law and medicine at the universities of Vienna , Zurich and Paris from 1888 . 1893 returned Lieberman returned to Galicia, where he graduated in 1894 at the Jagiellonian University Krakow awarded the degree of Dr. jur. completed. He passed his bar exam in Vienna in 1899. Then he took up the profession of a lawyer. He worked in this profession in Rzeszów and Przemyśl .
Lieberman began to be politically active at an early age: as a schoolboy he organized social democratic groups. From 1893 he belonged to the Polish Social Democratic Party of Galicia , in which he soon became a well-known activist. In particular, he was the editor of Głos Przemyski for many years . At the turn of the century he was u. a. also mentor - and for a few years lover - of Helene Deutsch , who later became known as a politician . Because of his political and social commitment, he was repeatedly brought to justice.
From 1907 to 1914 and from 1917 to 1918 Lieberman was a member of the parliament of the k.und.k. as a member of the Przemyśl constituency. Monarchies in Vienna . In this he was a member of the legal and military committee, in which he campaigned with other socialist MPs for better conditions during military service.
During the First World War, Lieberman joined the Polish Legion led by Józef Piłsudski : he volunteered, came to the front as a rifleman in July 1915 and was promoted to lieutenant in August 1915. Until June 1916 he was part of the Polish Intelligence Service unit of the Legion Command and then until 1917 as a reporting officer. During the so-called " oath crisis " Lieberman took part as the main defender in the trial of Máramarossziget (1918), in which members of the Polish Legion , who had refused to take an oath on the German emperor, were charged with high treason. In some cases he was able to obtain acquittals.
In November 1918 Lieberman became a member of the Workers 'and Soldiers' Council in Przemyśl, where he tried to mediate between warring Poles and Ukrainians.
After the First World War , Lieberman became the leader of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS). From 1919 to 1922 he was a member of the constituent Polish National Assembly ( Sejm Ustawodawczy ) and was co-author of the constitution of March 1921. He was then elected to the Sejm , the Polish parliament, which he held during the first three legislative periods from 1922 to 1933 belonged to. Although he was elected in his second re-election until 1935, his mandate expired on December 10, 1933 when it was revoked for political reasons (see below). While he was a member of the Sejm, Lieberman served on the commissions for demobilization ( Komisja Wojskowa ), foreign affairs, justice ( Komisja Prawnicza ), constitutional and military issues . From 1931 he was also a member of the executive branch of the Socialist International.
After the coup d'état in Poland in May 1926, with which Piłsudski secured the position of dictator, Lieberman came into opposition to this. On September 9, 1930, he was arrested and locked up with other opposition MPs in the Brest Fortress , where he was also subjected to physical abuse. On November 27, 1932, he was released on bail.
On January 13, 1932, Lieberman was sentenced to two and a half years in prison. The verdict was confirmed by an appeal report in July 1933. However, he evaded the prison sentence by releasing Poland on October 4, 1933, d. H. before the judgment became final, left and went to Paris via Czechoslovakia. There he worked in the International Labor Office. He also wrote for various left-wing newspapers and magazines. In public he emerged as an opponent of the British-French appeasement policy towards National Socialist Germany.
After the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, Lieberman joined the Polish government- in- exile in London, led by Sikorski, where he became Vice-President of the National Council and from September 3 to October 20, 1941 the office of Minister of Justice. Posthumously he was awarded the Order of the White Eagle by the President of the Polish government in exile in London .
The National Socialist police officers classified Lieberman as a dangerous public enemy: In the spring of 1940 he was placed on the special wanted list by the Reich Security Main Office , a directory of people who, in the event of a successful invasion and occupation of the British island by the Wehrmacht, would be assigned to the following special commandos by the occupying forces SS should move into the country, should be located and arrested with special priority.
Liebermann was buried in London's Highgate Cemetery.
family
Lieberman was married to Gustawa Brings.
Fonts
- Herman Lieberman: Pamiętniki (Diaries): Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Sejmowe: Kancelaria Sejmu, 1996, ISBN 8370592090
literature
- Julia Eichenberg: Fighting for Peace and Welfare: Polish Veterans of the First World War and their international contacts 1919-1939 , 2011, p. 125f.
- Maria Kłańska: From the Shtetl into the World, 1772 to 1938: Eastern Jewish autobiographies in German , 1994, p. 260.
Web links
- Herman Lieberman on the website of the Austrian Parliament
- Parliament library (pl)
- Works in the National Library Warsaw (pl)
Individual evidence
- ^ Entry on Hermann Lieberman on the special wanted list GB (reproduced on the website of the Imperial War Museum in London) .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Lieberman, Herman |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Liebermann, Hermann; Liebermann, Herman |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish socialist parliamentarian, member of the Sejm |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 3, 1870 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Drohobych |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 21, 1941 |
| Place of death | London |