Herophila tristis
| Herophila tristis | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
_(4017004724).jpg)
Herophila tristis |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Herophila tristis | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1767) |
Herophila tristis with the synonym Dorcatypus tristis is a beetle from the family of the longhorn beetle and the subfamily Lamiinae . The species is very similar to a small mourning buck , but can be clearly separated from it by several features.
Notes on the name and nomenclature
The species was first described by Linnaeus in 1767 as the 42nd species of the genus Cerambyx under the name Cerambyx tristis . The species name "tristis" ( Latin ) means sad, gloomy.
The genus name "Herophila" is from Altgr. ήρως hēros, hero, and φίλη phíle derived. The name appears for the first time in Mulsant as the name of the subgenus of the genus Lamia , in which Mulsant classifies the species. Depending on whether martinascoi is considered another species or a subspecies of Herophila tristis , the genus Herophila comprises three or two species. The name Dorcatypus indicates the similarity to the genus Dorcadion .
Characteristics of the beetle
The body reaches a length of 14 to 28 millimeters. It is elongated oval, slightly narrower in the male than in the female. The upper side is tightly tomentose brown (recognizable when the taxo image is high resolution).
The head is inclined downwards perpendicular to the axis of the body, on the forehead it is slightly recessed. The mouthparts point vertically downwards, the last link of the jaw probe is spindle-shaped and pointed and not truncated at an angle. The eleven-part antennae taper regularly towards the outside. The first antenna element is provided with a bar in front of the end, reminiscent of a crescent moon (Fig. 2). The mourning buck shows a similar bar, but in this case the third antennae is much longer than the first, in Herophila tristis, on the other hand, the first antennae is significantly longer than the third (Fig. 6). In the female, the antennae only slightly extend beyond the middle of the elytra, in the male they are longer, but do not reach the end of the body. They are thus significantly shorter than those of the funeral goat. The kidney-shaped eyes surround the antenna base from behind in such a way that the distance between the bases of the two antennae on the forehead is greater than the distance between the inner edges of the eyes (Fig. 4).
The pronotum shows a strong, blunt hump a little behind the middle.
The wing covers are fused together, the skin wings are reduced or missing completely. The elytra are rounded together oval at the back. Each wing cover has two black spots, the front somewhat smaller and more irregular one lies in front of the middle, the second behind the middle. However, the drawing can vary widely, for example the front spot can be reduced to several small spots.
The legs are very sturdy. The fore leg has a flat longitudinal groove on the underside, which runs obliquely outwards near the tarsus (Fig. 5). The five-limbed tarsi appear to be four-limbed because the fourth limb is very small and hidden between the lobes of the third limb.
 Image 1: side view |
 Fig. 2: First antennae - sickle-shaped bar |
 Image 3: front view |
 Image 4: Head from above green: inner edge of the eyes yellow: inner edge of the antenna base |
 Image 5: front splint from below yellow: first tarsal link darker: oblique longitudinal groove |
 Figure 6: Feeler links one to three lengths: 1 = first, 3 = third link |
biology
The heat-loving species is usually found on wood or rotted wood. The adult beetle appears in late spring to early summer. The beetle walks slowly around on the ground or on wood and often stops. Even when fleeing, it moves relatively slowly. The larva develops in different trees, for example fig , cypress , poplar , cherry . It takes two to three years to develop.
distribution
The range of Herophila tristis stretches from France to the Black Sea . The northern limit of distribution runs through Switzerland , Austria , Hungary and Romania . In the south, the distribution area includes Italy with Sardinia and Sicily , Corsica and the Adriatic countries (there are no reports from Albania ). The species can also be found in the Middle East . The subspecies Herophila tristis martinascoi is restricted to mainland Italy, where it occurs in Calabria on the coast of the Ionian Sea .
Individual evidence
- ↑ C. Linnaeus: 1767: Systema naturæ, Tom. I. Pars II. Editio duodecima reformata. First description page 629
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (kind).
- ↑ E. Mulsant: Histoire naturelle des Coléoptères de France. Paris 1862–1863 Subordination page 273
- ↑ Herophila at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved February 23, 2013
- ↑ Herophila at BioLib
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus).
- ↑ Herophila tristis in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved December 5, 2010
- ↑ Herophila tristis martinascoi in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved December 5, 2010
- ↑ Taxon profiles of Herophila tristis martinascoi. (Contarini & Garagnani, 1983) in BioLib
literature
- Heinz joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 9 . Cerambycidae Chrysomelidae . Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-8274-0683-8 (first edition: Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1966).
- Adolf Horion: Faunistics of the Central European Beetles, Bd. XII . Überlingen-Bodensee 1974
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe . Ed .: Heinz Freude . tape 3 : ecology . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1992, ISBN 3-87263-042-3 .
