Instrument of rule

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Instrument of power is a sociological conceptualization that defines itself as the provision or use of means in order to rule someone or something.

distribution

Institutions

State institutions are often referred to as instruments of rule in the context of political justice , such as the Ministry for State Security in the GDR, or organizations such as the Waffen SS in the Third Reich. Klaus Dörner names the Hôpitaux généraux in France as a means of exercising power. This also raises the question of how things can be done with other psychiatric institutions , e.g. B. the institutional psychiatry in Germany was and is.

art

The political instrumentalization of the cult of relics with its precious furnishings is presented in a treatise by Gerhard Weilandt.

religion

The philosophy of the Enlightenment dealt with the question of the extent to which religion represents an aid to the exercise of rule and thus serves as an instrument of rule. The concept of priestly fraud was formed, which was then part of French social and state philosophy . Violations of equal rights for women in the course of church history are criticized by feminist theology , for example the prohibition of the female priesthood by the Council of Laodicea in AD 363–364.

Sciences

That knowledge can serve as master knowledge was u. a. examined by Max Scheler . In philosophy of science , instrumentalism deals with the practical role of scientific theories.

techniques

Five techniques of domination were described by Berit Ås in 1979 : making invisible, making ridiculous, withholding information, assuming guilt, creating guilt and shame.

A phenomenon that is often associated with institutions and runs counter to the principle of equal rights is the psychosocial arrangement . Because of this, u. a. Office patronage is viewed as a central, publicly controversial and generally harmful instrument of rule.

The accumulation of offices , camouflage and immunization strategies are similar mechanisms for circumventing the democratic rules of the game in favor of publicly negated and defended standards, in which the means appear more superficial than the end allows, cf. → rationality . Max Weber distinguished the ethics of responsibility in the sense of functional rationality as an affect-neutral application of instruments of rule - or as a rational form of rule - from the ethics of conviction , which approves action without regard to foreseeable consequences exclusively in favor of pursued value standards .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Duden online
  2. ^ Karl Wilhelm Fricke & Ilko-Sascha Kowalczuk : Committed to the truth. Texts from five decades on the history of the GDR. Christoph Links, Berlin 2000. ISBN 3861532085 , online page 335
  3. ↑ Hans Buchheim: Anatomy of the SS state. Vol. 1: The SS - the instrument of rule. Command and obedience. Munich 1967, page 179.
  4. ^ Klaus Dörner : Citizens and Irre . On the social history and sociology of science in psychiatry. (1969) Fischer Taschenbuch, Bücher des Wissens, Frankfurt / M 1975, ISBN 3-436-02101-6 ; Page 119
  5. ^ Dieter Storz: Political Psychiatry . - Publisher: Humanist Union, Local Association Essen, 1980 - 27 pages DNB
  6. ^ Gerhard Weilandt : The high altar retable of the Nuremberg Frauenkirche. A major work of art around 1400 (location studies V). In: Art as an instrument of power . Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire under the Luxembourgers in a European context, ed. v. Jiří Fajt / Andrea Langer, Berlin / Munich 2009, pages 196–220.
  7. ^ Paul Heinrich Dietrich Holbach : Systems de la nature ou des lois du monde physique et du monde moral. In: Lenk. Ideologie , Neuwied 1961, pp. 69–73.
  8. ↑ Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza , To her memory . A feminist-theological reconstruction of the Christian origins, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-459-01739-2
  9. ^ Ralf Becker & Heinz Leonardy: The formation of society. Scheler's social philosophy in context , Königshausen & Neumann, 2007, ISBN 3826035518 , page 187; WFH : Knowledge of rule - knowledge of redemption - knowledge of education , in: Werner Fuchs-Heinritz u. a .: Lexicon for Sociology , 4th ed., VS Verl. f. Social Sciences, Wiesbaden 2007, p. 271; W. Lipp : Art. Dominion knowledge , in: Historical dictionary of philosophy , Bd. 3, Sp. 1099 f.
  10. ↑ Max Scheler : Knowledge and Work . In: ders .: Collected works. Vol. 8, 1960
  11. ^ Uwe Andersen & Woyke Wichard (eds.): Concise dictionary of the political system of the Federal Republic of Germany . 5th updated edition. Opladen: Leske + Budrich 2003. Licensed edition Bonn: Federal Agency for Civic Education 2003 online
  12. ^ Karl-Heinz Hillmann : Dictionary of Sociology (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 410). 4th, revised and expanded edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-520-41004-4 , Lexikon-Stw. Rationality : page 718.