Heterometrus longimanus
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Heterometrus longimanus |
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| ( Autumn , 1800) |
Heterometrus longimanus is a scorpion of the family Scorpionidae widespreadin Indonesia , Malaysia , the Philippines and Singapore .
description
Heterometrus longimanus is a 90 to 140 millimeter long scorpion, adult animals have a black basic color. The chelae and telson can be reddish-brown in color. The chelae are only slightly lobed in female scorpions, with a length to width ratio of around 3.3 to 4.4 to 1 in males and around 2.4 to 1 in female scorpions. Their surfaces are mostly smooth and only sparsely covered with small knots. The chelae, femora and patella of the pedipalps of male scorpions are much longer than those of the female, the movable finger is at least as long as the hand. The patella of the pedipalps have a pronounced process on the inside. In most cases the carapace has a smooth and shiny surface with granulated edges, but sometimes the entire surface is granulated. The combs of the comb organ have 12 to 18 teeth in both sexes. The telson is hairy and elongated, with a poisonous bladder that is as long or longer than the venomous sting .
distribution and habitat
Africa was incorrectly specified as Terra typica of Heterometrus longimanus in the first description ( Habitat in Africa and The Fatherland is Africa ), the actual location of the type specimen can no longer be determined. The Dutch Arachnologe HWC Couzijn particular an adult male Scorpio from 1981 Talang ( 0 ° 59 ' S , 100 ° 41' O ), a volcano in the island Sumatra , for neotypes and simultaneously put so that a new type fixed location.
The distribution area of Heterometrus longimanus extends over large parts of Southeast Asia . There are reliable reports of found finds from Indonesia , Malaysia , the Philippines and Singapore . All available reports from India, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam are considered to be false identifications of other species of the genus Heterometrus .
Systematics
Subspecies
- Heterometrus longimanus angustimanus ( Thorell , 1876)
- Heterometrus longimanus bengkalitensis Couzijn , 1981
- Heterometrus longimanus borneensis ( Thorell , 1876)
- Heterometrus longimanus humilis ( Simon , 1877)
- Heterometrus longimanus longimanus ( autumn , 1800)
- Heterometrus longimanus marmoratus Couzijn , 1981
- Heterometrus longimanus paris Couzijn , 1981
- Heterometrus longimanus typicus Masi , 1912
The subspecies Heterometrus longimanus belitungensis Couzijn , 1981 and Heterometrus longimanus tarawakanensis Couzijn , 1981 described by Couzijn 1981 were synonymous with the nominate form by Kovařík in 2004 .
Initial description
The first description was made by Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst in 1800 in the fourth and last volume of his natural system of wingless insects . For this purpose, he had a single copy from the collection of the Dresden naturalist Peter Ludwig Heinrich von Block . The description is written in Latin and German.
Type material
The collection copy used by Herbst to describe the species has been lost. In 1981 Couzijn identified a neotype that is in the Naturalis Natural History Museum in Leiden.
etymology
Herbst made no information about the etymology of the species name, but mentioned the particularly slender and elongated chelae of the scorpion in several places in his description. The name is derived from the Latin words longus (German: lang ) and manus (German: hand ).
Genera and synonyms
As a species of the genus Heterometrus , Heterometrus longimanus has been assigned to different genera since it was first described. This was the result of different views of the arachnologists about the validity of individual genres and their differentiation from one another. Heterometrus longimanus was placed in the genera and subgenus Scorpio , Buthus , Scorpio (Ischnurus) , Palamnaeus , Palamnaeus (Scorpio) , Heterometrus , Heterometrus (Scorpio) and most recently in 1981 by Couzijn in the subgenus Heterometrus (Heterometrus) . The subgenus Heterometrus and all other subgenera described by Couzijn were abolished in 2004 by František Kovařík in his revision of the genus Heterometrus .
The following names have also been mentioned as synonyms in the literature: Buthus costimanus C. L. Koch , 1837 , Centrurus galbineus C. L. Koch , 1838 , Palamnaeus angustimanus Thorell , 1876 , Pandinus humilis Simon , 1877 , Heterometrus (Heterometrus) longimanus belitungensis Couzijn , 1981 and Heterometrus (Heterometrus) longimanus tarawakanensis Couzijn , 1981 .
literature
- HWC Couzijn: Revision of the genus Heterometrus. In: Zoologische Verhandelingen 1981, Volume 184, No. 1, pp. 1–196 (also dissertation, University of Leiden 1981), online PDF , 18.6 MB.
- František Kovařík: A review of the genus Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, with descriptions of seven new species (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae). In: Euscorpius , 2004, No. 15, pp. 1-60, online PDF , 6.3 MB.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c František Kovařík: A review of the genus Heterometrus, p. 27.
- ↑ a b H. WC Couzijn: Revision of the genus Heterometrus, p. 102.
- ^ HWC Couzijn: Revision of the genus Heterometrus, p. 103.
- ↑ a b H. WC Couzijn: Revision of the genus Heterometrus, pp. 106-108.
- ^ HWC Couzijn: Revision of the genus Heterometrus, pp. 104-105.
- ↑ a b H. WC Couzijn: Revision of the genus Heterometrus, pp. 109–111.
- ↑ a b c Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst: Natural history of the scorpions. Natural system of winged insects, fourth issue. Lange, Berlin 1800, pp. 42–44, panel V digitized .
- ↑ a b H. WC Couzijn: Revision of the genus Heterometrus, pp. 100-102.
- ↑ Luigi Masi: Note sugli Scorpioni appartenenti al R. Museo Zoologico di Roma . In: Bollettino della Societa 'Zoologica Italiana 1912, Series 3, Volume 1, pp. 88-108, 120-144, here pp. 123-124, digitized .
- ↑ a b c František Kovařík: A review of the genus Heterometrus, p. 25.
- ↑ Gérard Dupré: Dictionary of scientific scorpion names. In: Arachnides. Bulletin de Terrariophile et de Recherche 2016, Supplement to No. 78, p. 36, Online PDF , 560 kB.
- ↑ František Kovařík: A review of the genus Heterometrus, pp. 2-4.