Hexamethylene tetramine dinitrate
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| General | |||||||
| Surname | Hexamethylene tetramine dinitrate | ||||||
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| Molecular formula | C 6 H 14 N 6 O 6 | ||||||
| Brief description |
white crystals |
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| properties | |||||||
| Molar mass | 266.21 g mol −1 | ||||||
| Physical state |
firmly |
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| Melting point |
158 ° C (decomposition) |
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| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | |||||||
Hexamethylenetetramine dinitrate is an explosive that is not used by the military and has detonation speeds of 6500 to 7000 m · s −1 . Hexamethylene tetramine dinitrate is a salt of two equivalents of nitric acid and one equivalent of hexamethylene tetramine . In terms of structure, there is a certain similarity to the highly explosive hexogen .
Extraction and presentation
The addition compound is created simply by reacting hexamethylenetetramine with medium concentration nitric acid. In another process, paraformaldehyde is reacted with ammonia in water at 60–70 ° C. When nitric acid is added to this mixture at 0 ° C., the target compound crystallizes out.
properties
Hexamethylene tetramine dinitrate forms colorless crystals that melt at 158 ° C. The compound is hygroscopic and decomposes in water. With a negative enthalpy of formation of −1439 kJ kg −1 , it is an exothermic compound. HDN is one of the most explosive and very stable explosives. Important explosion indicators are:
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Explosion heat
- H 2 O fl. 2555 kJ kg −1
- H 2 O gas. 2365 kJ kg −1
- specific energy 735 kJ kg −1
- Detonation velocity : 6500–7000 m · s −1 at the maximum density
- Lead block bulge 220 cm 3 / 10g
- Impact sensitivity 15 Nm
- Friction sensitivity 235 N pin load
- Steam volume 1081 l / kg
use
In addition to being used as an explosive, the compound serves as a starting material for the production of hexogen and octogen .
Legal position
The handling, traffic, transport and import of hexamethylenetetramine dinitrate are subject to the Explosives Act .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Josef Köhler, Rudolf Meyer and Axel Homburg: Explosivstoffe . Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 10th completely revised edition 2008; ISBN 978-3-527-32009-7 ; P. 157f.
- ↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
Web links
- On the toxicology of military-specific explosives and their decomposition products (accessed on May 11, 2020)
- Explosives (accessed May 11, 2020)
- Contaminated sites (accessed on May 11, 2020)