Red-bellied eagle
| Red-bellied eagle | ||||||||||||
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Red-bellied eagle ( Lophotriorchis kienerii ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Lophotriorchis | ||||||||||||
| Sharpe , 1874 | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Lophotriorchis kienerii | ||||||||||||
| ( Sparre , 1835) |
The red-bellied eagle or red-bellied dwarf eagle ( Lophotriorchis kienerii , syn .: Hieraaetus kienerii ) is a bird of prey from the hawk family (Accipitridae). This very contrastingly colored, small eagle inhabits tropical forests in large parts of Southeast Asia.
features
The red-bellied eagle is a small eagle with a body length of 46–61 cm and a wingspan of 105–140 cm. It has narrow, somewhat pointed wings and a relatively long, slightly rounded tail. The toes and claws are noticeably long.
In the case of colored birds, the entire upper side, including the sides of the head, is black up to the level of the eyes. Throat, throat and upper chest are sharply contrasted white. The rest of the underside of the trunk as well as the legs and the under wing coverts are dashed reddish brown and broad black. The underside of the tail and wings is gray with dark transverse bands. Both sexes show a small feather bonnet. As with all members of the genus, the legs are feathered down to the toes. The beak is black, the iris of the eyes is dark brown. Wax skin and toes are yellow, the claws are black. The sexes look the same, males are on average about 81% the size of females.
Fledglings are gray-brown on top. The sides of the head and forehead are white, with a broad, dark stripe of eyes set off sharply. The trunk, legs and under wing coverts are also solid white.
distribution and habitat
The bird is native to the tropics of the Indomalayan region with two subspecies ( L. k. Kienerii ( de Sparre , 1835) and L. k. Formosus ( Stresemann , 1924)) . The range is very disjoint and extends with numerous, sometimes widely separated occurrences over the Indian subcontinent , Indochina , Malaysia , western Indonesia and the Philippines . The habitat of the red-bellied eagle are tropical, evergreen, moist forests.
Reproduction
For the brood it builds a large nest out of twigs, the diameter can be up to 1.2 m, the nest height up to 60 cm. The nests are placed on trees at a height of 25–30 m. The clutch consists of only one egg. The incubation period and nestling time are unknown.
nutrition
The main food is medium-sized and smaller birds and smaller mammals . Detected include kalij pheasant , JUNGLEFOWL and domestic fowls , galloperdix ( Galloperdix sp.), Arborophila ( Arborophila sp.), Green pigeon ( Treron sp.), Domestic pigeons , Kingfisher and croissants .
Systematics
The red-bellied eagle was previously assigned to the genus Hieraaetus . After investigations of the mitochondrial DNA and the DNA of the cell nucleus, the red-bellied eagle is not closely related to the other representatives of the genus Hieraaetus . Since it also differs strongly morphologically from the other representatives of this genus, the monotypical genus Lophotriorchis with the red-bellied eagle was recognized as the only species again.
Etymology and history of research
Louis Ernest Gustave de Sparre (1802–1866) described the red-bellied eagle under the name Astur Kienerii . The type specimen came from the collection of François Victor Masséna . In 1874 Richard Bowdler Sharpe introduced the genus Lophotriorchis u. a. for the red-bellied eagle. The term is derived from the Greek words »lophos λοφος « for »vertex, crown, comb« »triorkhēs τριορχης « for »falcon, hawk«. The name »kienerii« is dedicated to Louis Charles Kiener (1799–1881), who worked as curator for Masséna's collection. "Formosus" is the Latin word for "beautiful". Stresemann had described the subspecies under the name Hieraaëtus kieneri formosus .
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Louis Ernest Gustave de Sparre, Classe II. Plate 35 & text.
- ↑ a b Erwin Stresemann, p. 108.
- ↑ HRL Lerner and DP Mindell: Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37; 2005: pp. 327-346
- ↑ International Ornithologist's Union: IOC World Bird List, version 2.11 - Raptors. Online ( Memento of the original from May 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed March 22, 2012
- ^ Richard Bowdler Sharpe, p. 255.
- ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 231
- ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 163.
literature
- James Ferguson-Lees , David A. Christie: Raptors of the World. Christopher Helm, London 2001, ISBN 0-7136-8026-1 .
- James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
- Richard Bowdler Sharpe: Catalog of Acciptres or Diurnal Birds of Prey in the Collection of the Birds in the British Museum . tape 1 . Order of the Trustees, London 1874 ( online [accessed November 26, 2015]).
- Louis Ernest Gustave de Sparre: Autour. Astur. Cuvier. A. de Kiener. A. Kienerii. In: Magasin de zoologie, Journal destiné a établir une coorespondance entre les zoologistes de tous les pays, et a leur faciliter les moyens de publier les espèces nouvelles ou peu connus qu'ils possèdent . tape 5 , 1835, pp. CClass II, Plate 35, & Text ( online [accessed November 26, 2015]).
- Erwin Stresemann: Hieraaetus kieneri formosus subsp. n . In: Ornithological monthly reports . tape 32 , 1924, pp. 108-109 .
Web links
- Videos, photos and sound recordings for Hieraaetus kienerii in the Internet Bird Collection
- Lophotriorchis kienerii inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013.1. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2013.