Jerome of Croaria

Hieronymus von Croaria (* around 1460/1463 probably in Konstanz ; † 1527 ) was a German lawyer , university professor and judge of the Swabian Federation.

Life

Hieronymus von Croaria came from a patrician family in Constance. His father Friedrich von Croaria, called Sattler, lived in Constance until 1504. All that is known about his mother is that she came from Waiblingen. In 1398 the family had received the royal palatine from King Wenceslas. The related freedoms of the Count Palatine were granted by Emperor Friedrich III. 1469 and confirmed by King Maximilian I in 1504.

Croaria began his university education at the age of 13 in the summer semester of 1476 at the artist faculty in Basel . According to his Latin teacher Wenzeslaus Brack from Konstanz, he moved to the University of Pavia to study law . On July 4, 1482 he took part in the election of the rector there. In Pavia he probably also got his doctorate in ecclesiastical and secular law Doctor iuris utriusque ("Doctor of both rights"), with which he was matriculated on February 15, 1486 at the University of Tübingen .

In addition to the Ordinarius iuris civilis Ulrich Krafft, his fellow student in Basel and Pavia, he immediately received the vacant Ordinariate for Canon Law at the Tübingen Faculty of Law from Count Eberhard V. Im Bart from Württemberg. Doctors of both rights, trained in Italy, were so popular during this period that he did not need to accept an undoped position. Due to the appointment of the doctor of both rights Martin Prenninger alias Uranius from Konstanz to Tübingen as the new professor for canon law and advice, he switched to the professorial office for secular law (Roman, imperial law and civil law) in 1491, while Krafft held a professorship in Freiburg im Breisgau accepted. In the summer semesters of 1492 and 1496 he was elected rector of the University of Tübingen .

In a time of dynastic disputes in Württemberg after Eberhard's death in Bart in 1496, he followed in 1497 an appointment by Duke George the Rich of Bavaria-Landshut to an office for canon law at the Bavarian University in Ingolstadt , the forerunner of the University of Munich, and settled there on March 8, 1497 in the register of the university. On behalf of the Duke, he participated in proposals for university reform. In addition, from 1498 to 1518 he was appointed councilor of the imperial city of Nuremberg.

Hieronymus von Croaria was the editor of a first print of the acts and resolutions of the Council of Constance in 1500 . In the second edition of his work on the history of the Council of Constance, published in 1727, Jacques Lenfant paid tribute to Croaria's merits by including the copper engraving of a portrait of the Ingolstadt professor, the free takeover of a portrait that is now in the Deutsche Fotothek's Internet edition, but presumably a fantasy image, unless a contemporary model was used.

In 1501 Croaria married the daughter Eva of the Wuerttemberg Council and Obervogts von Stuttgart Konrad von Reischach and in the same year acquired the Hornstein Castle near Sigmaringen and the Büttelschieß Castle from the Lords of Reischach, who were then in financial difficulties . In 1509 or 1510 his brother-in-law Wilhelm von Reischach bought this property back.

In the following year since he moved to the University of Ingolstadt in 1498, Croaria was in the service of Duke George as a councilor and member of the court court, after the death of George in 1503 and the subsequent War of the Landshut Succession as a councilor in the service of the Bavarian Duke Albrecht IV. (Bavaria ) (since 1504) and his successor, Duke Wilhelm IV. (since 1508). In 1507, the Swabian Reichskreis proposed him unsuccessfully as an assessor to the Reich Chamber of Commerce. Thereupon he took over the office of fiscal procurator at the Reichskammergericht on December 10th 1507, in March 1508 also the office of a royal chamber tax office and took leave of his professorship for this time. After the Reich Chamber of Commerce moved from Regensburg to Worms at the end of April 1509, he resumed teaching in Ingolstadt until June 1516.

On January 23, 1513, after the federal judge for the princes in the Swabian Confederation Johannes Reuchlin had resigned from his judicial office because of the move of the federal court from Tübingen to Augsburg at the end of that month together with the two other federal judges , Croaria became Reuchlin's successor on a Bavarian proposal elected. However, the disputes with the Bavarian councilor Leonhard von Eck about a new Ingolstadt university reform prompted Croaria to give up his teaching post, which was attested until June 1516, and to switch to the Palatinate-Neuburgian service.

As late as 1516, Croaria was councilor of Count Palatine Friedrich II. The Wise, until 1522 Regent of Pfalz-Neuburg, and belonged to the Neuburg court and the Neuburg state parliament until the last years of his life. He also served the young Duke Philipp (Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg) as court master in 1520 due to a temporary serious illness. Around 1522 he was a district judge in Lengenfeld .

After acquiring the castle and village of Tapfheim in the Danube region in 1515 , he also became a feudal man from Oetting. Emperor Maximilian I enfeoffed him in 1516 with neck judgment and blood spell at Tapfheim. Croaria secured a lasting merit in 1520 with a pioneering draft of the Bavarian court order, together with a draft of rules of appeal as a formal legal remedy. He died in an unknown place in 1527, leaving behind three sons and a daughter.

literature

• Theodor Muther:  Croaria, Hieronymus von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 600.
• Fridolin Solleder:  Croaria, Hieronymus von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 416 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Karl Konrad Finke: Hieronymus von Croaria (around 1463 to 1527) . In: The professors of the Tübingen Faculty of Law (1477-1535) (= Tübingen professor catalog , vol. 1,2). Edited by Karl Konrad Finke. Jan Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2011, ISBN 978-3-7995-5452-7 , pp. 98-115.

Web links

• Hieronymus von Croaria (German Photo Library)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Correspondence from Heinrich Bebel database: Regest no. 405 "To the rector Hieronymus von Croaria and the professors of the University of Tübingen, no location, July 22, 1496" 
2. ↑ ^{a b c} [1] , exchange of letters "Hieronymus de Croaria an Eck"
3. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from March 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Correspondence "Eck to Hieronymus de Croaria" 
4. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from December 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , "Hornstein Castle / Hornstein - Baden Württemberg" 
5. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from May 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , "Count Palatine Ottheinrich rides through his country"