Wooden trumpet
Wooden trumpet generally refers to natural trumpets whose conical or cylindrical blowpipe is made of wood and which can be from half a meter to five meters long. The most famous wooden trumpet is the Swiss alphorn . In their design and traditional function as a signaling and warning instrument of the shepherds and partly for ritual occasions, the following are related to the alphorn, among many others: the Swiss Büchel , the Middewinterhorn which occurs in parts of northern Germany and the Netherlands , the bucium in Romania , the trembita in the Ukraine , the fakürt in Hungary , the lur in Sweden , the bazuna in Poland and the Rikalo in Serbia .
Another blowing technique is used in the Australian didgeridoo . In Siberia there were sucked trumpets that were identical to the wooden trumpets , which form a separate instrument category because the tones are produced by sucking in air.
Johann Adam Heckel developed a special wooden trumpet especially for Richard Wagner's Fröhliche Hirtenweise in the 3rd act by Tristan und Isolde . This instrument was used until 1897. Wagner's wooden trumpet is played with a trumpet mouthpiece and consists of a straight, cylindrical or conical wooden tube with the bell of the English horn and a valve . This enabled a D and an F to be created in addition to the scale from the 2nd to the 6th overtone of the C tuning. According to Wagner, a powerful natural sound should be produced, for which a wooden instrument as a substitute for the English horn is advantageous. Today the wooden trumpet is often replaced by the Heckel Clarina or Tárogató .
literature
- Max Peter Baumann : wooden trumpet (i). In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- Wooden trumpet (ii). In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- Curt Sachs : Real Lexicon of Musical Instruments. Julius Bard, Berlin 1913, p. 189, sv "Holztrompete" ( digitized version ).
Web links
- Wooden trumpet in the Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) on Wikisource