Trouser bees
| Trouser bees | ||||||||||||
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A female of the trouser bee Dasypoda hirtipes |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Dasypoda | ||||||||||||
| Latreille , 1802 |
The trouser bees , Latin Dasypoda , are a genus of bees in the Melittidae family .
features
The females are characterized by a very clear hairbrush on the hind legs (hence the name) and long hair on the last two tergites (end fringes). The males look similar to males of the genera Melitta or Andrena . Both males and females can be recognized in the field by their fast flight. The trouser bees are relatively large bees with a length of approx. 12 to 17 mm.
distribution
Trouser bees are distributed in the Palearctic with around 33 species , they come from Portugal and Morocco to Japan. A particularly large number of species can be found in the Mediterranean region. In the German-speaking area (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) there are five species of the genus, one of which, D. morawitzi , was only detected a few years ago in Austria and Germany. In addition, a species from the Great Rift Valley , Ethiopia , has been described.
Trouser bees are mainly found in sandy and steppe areas.
Way of life
Trouser bees live solitary and only have one generation a year. They typically fly in Central Europe in summer (July and August).
The females dig a nest in the ground soon after hatching, often preferring sparsely vegetated or bald spots. Sometimes the nests are created in colonies, with many, sometimes more than a hundred, nests close together. In the brood cells at the end of the nests, pollen and nectar for the larvae is entered, whereby the pollen cake is shaped in a characteristic way so that it stands on three small "feet". This is to prevent fungal growth.
The domestic trouser bees are oligolectic, which means that they specialize in certain pollen: D. hirtipes collects on certain asteraceae , D. argentata and D. suripes prefer cardaceae .
Females are mostly in the nests overnight, the entrance to which they paw from the inside. Males often cling to the flower heads of knapweeds to sleep.
Systematics
The genus Dasypoda belongs within the Melittidae to the subfamily Dasypodainae and is closely related to the genera Haplomelitta and Samba , both of which occur in Africa.
The genus is divided into four sub-genera: Dasypoda, Heterodasypoda, Megadasypoda and Microdasypoda .
Native species
- D. (Megadasypoda) argentata (Switzerland, Austria and Germany)
- D. (Dasypoda) hirtipes (= D. plumipes , D. altercator ) (Germany, Austria, Switzerland)
- D. (Megadasypoda) suripes Germany only older records, maybe now extinct
- D. (Megadasypoda) braccata (eastern Austria)
- D. (Dasypoda) morawitzi (Germany, only one site in Brandenburg, Austria, Burgenland)
Eight species occur in France: D. albimana , D. argentata, D. cingulata , D. crassicornis , D. dusmeti , D. hirtipes, D. pyrotrochia and D. visnaga .
literature
- Paul Westrich: Germany's wild bees. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2018, ISBN 978-3-8186-0123-2 , 827 pages (here pp. 138ff, 566f).
- A. Müller, Albert Krebs, Felix Amiet: Bees. Central European species, way of life, observation. Natur Buch Verlag, 1997, ISBN 3-89440-241-5 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Atlas Hymenoptera - Melittidae - Dasypoda. Retrieved May 13, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Denis Michez, Michael Terzo, Pierre Rasmont: Phylogénie, biogéographie et choix floraux des abeilles oligolectiques du genre Dasypoda Latreille 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae) . In: Ann. Soc. entomol. Fr. (ns) . tape 40 , no. 3-4 , 2004, pp. 431-425 ( atlashymenoptera.net [PDF]).
- ↑ Denis Michez, Michael Terzo, Pierre Rasmont: Révision des espèces ouest-paléarctiques du genre Dasypoda LATREILLE 1802 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Melittidae) . In: Linz Biological Contributions . tape 36 , no. 2 , November 30, 2004, p. 847-900 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- ^ Atlas Hymenoptera. Retrieved May 12, 2019 .
- ^ A b Christian Schmid-Egger, Andreas Dubitzky: Dasypoda morawitzi (Radschenko, 2016) new for the fauna of Central Europe (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) . In: Ampulex . tape 9 , 2007, p. 27–31 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- ↑ Denis Michez, A. Pauly: A new species of the palaearctic genus Dasypoda Latreille 1802 (Hymenoptera: Dasypodaidae) from the Great Rift Valley in Ethiopia . In: Zootaxa . tape 3181 , 2012, p. 63-68 .
- ^ A b Paul Westrich: The wild bees of Germany . Stuttgart 2018.
- ↑ Denis Michez, Sébastien Patiny, Bryan N. Danforth: Phylogeny of the bee family Melittidae (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) based on combined molecular and morphological data. In: Syst. Entomol. tape 34 , 2009, p. 574-597 .
- ↑ Solitary bee species: Trouser bees (Dasypoda). Retrieved May 12, 2019 .
- ↑ Christophe Praz, Gilles Carron, Denis Michez: Dasypoda braccata Eversmann 1852 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Dasypodaidae), nouvelle espèce pour l'apidofaune italienne. In: Osmia . tape 2 , 2008, p. 16-20 .