Hrvatski narodni otpor

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The Hrvatski narodni Otpor (originally Hrvatski narodni odpor ; Croatian for Croatian National Resistance or Croatian People's Resistance ), short HNOtpor or ENT , was established in 1955 globally active right-wing terrorist organization of exiled Croats headquartered in Spain . After Croatia's independence , the organization was officially dissolved in the 1990s.

The regional sub-organization of the HNOdpor in the Federal Republic of Germany had been registered as a foreigners association with the name Croatian Association Drina eV since 1967 and was banned in 1976. According to the assessment of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution , the HNOdpor was a militant-nationalist emigre organization that had been spreading slogans of violence in its OTPOR magazine, which has been published in the Federal Republic of Germany since spring 1975 .

The HNOdpor should not be confused with the Hrvatski narodni od b or (Croatian National Committee), or ENT for short, which was founded in 1950 by Branimir Jelić (1905–1972) and was based in West Berlin and later Munich until the 1980s was active in Western Europe .

history

In the opinion of the Federal Administrative Court of HNOdpor in 1944 which placed the Ustasha -General and concentration camp commanders Vjekoslav Luburić founded (1914-1969) and led out of his exile in Spain. The organization referred to this founding year, citing the HNOdpor as a guerrilla organization for the fight against the communist Tito partisans in 1944 (cf. Križari ). Military operations had prevented the realization, however, so that the organization was only founded in 1955 in the emigration.

In 1972 three HNOtpor members under Tomislav Rebrina (1936–2013) took control of the Swedish Scandinavian Airlines Systems flight 130 from Gothenburg to Stockholm and forced it to land in Madrid ( Spain ). The hijacking of the Douglas DC-9 "Gunder Viking" became known as the airplane hijacking of Bulltofta ( Swedish Flygkapningen på Bulltofta ).

In a speech at the opening of the continental meeting of the HNOdpor called for the formation of a unified leadership for the area of ​​Europe in June 1974 it was said:

“The Croatian National Resistance is a military-revolutionary movement, and that is why there must be discipline and obedience in our ranks. We who are gathered here, as well as those we represent, follow in the footsteps of our immortal commander General Drinjanin [di Luburić] until we have reached our destination. [...] He who does not listen to his superior is not a resistance. We have neither a left nor a right wing of resistance. There is only one Croatian national resistance and that is that which the late General L. [uburić] founded in Croatia in 1944, in Ivan Planina . The Croatian National Resistance has its hierarchy and top leadership, the main staff, which we place our full trust in and are available as soldiers. "

After Luburić's violent death, the HNOdpor split into two rival associations on the occasion of its world parliament meeting in Toronto ( Canada ) from October 31 to November 2, 1974. Both associations saw themselves as identical to the original association and saw themselves as the only legitimate successors to the activities of Luburić.

The Croatian Association of Drina eV (Hrvatsko društvo "Drina"), which has been registered in West Germany since 1967 , formed the national association of the HNOdpor association established by the division with its seat in Spain and is said to have been active before its official registration. Their leader was the terrorist Stjepan Bilandžić, who lives in Cologne . This sub-organization of the HNOdpor was banned on June 1, 1976 by Federal Minister of the Interior Werner Maihofer , as it endangered the internal security of the Federal Republic of Germany. The bans were confirmed by a judgment of the Federal Administrative Court on January 25, 1978. After the ban, the supporters of HNOdpor moved the main focus of their activities abroad. The OTPOR magazine was sent from abroad to the former HNOdpor members in West Germany.

organization

At the latest since the division in 1974, the HNOdpor, based in Spain, saw itself as a militarily structured association and accordingly the hierarchical structure of the overall organization was based on the military principle of command and obedience. The members were named with military ranks and used military forms of greeting. The HNOdpor was headed by a "commander" (who continued Luburić's code name "Drinjanin") and was divided into a "headquarters" ( Glavni stan ) to which the continental areas of North America , South America , Canada , Europe and Australia were subordinate. These continental areas were subordinate to the regional associations, which in turn were subordinate to the local departments ( ogranak ). Furthermore, the "headquarters" as supraregional institutions of the general association, the editorship of the association organ OBRANA (= defense, defense) and a training facility with the code name "Janka Pusta" under a "colonel" ( pukovnik ) were connected.

See also

source

  • Federal Administrative Court: judgment of January 25, 1978, Az .: BVerwG 1 A 4.76 . ( jurion.de ).

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In the etymological spelling decreed by the Independent State of Croatia in 1941 , resistance was written as odpor instead of otpor , as is usual . In this spelling it can easily be confused with odbor = committee .
  2. ↑ Verfassungsschutz report , year 1975, p. 132f
  3. ↑ OBRANA, No. 184-186 / June-August 1974
  4. ↑ Verfassungsschutz report , Volume 1977, p. 153; Janke / Sim
  5. ↑ Verfassungsschutz report , Volume 1977, p. 153; Prohibition Decree