Hubert Schrade

Hubert Schrade (born March 30, 1900 in Allenstein , East Prussia ; died November 25, 1967 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German art historian . His main work is the Iconography of Christian Art , published in 1932 .

Life

Schrade studied German, philosophy and art history in Berlin and Heidelberg and received his doctorate in German on November 9, 1922 by the Germanist Max von Waldberg and the art historian Carl Neumann with a thesis on the mystic Abraham von Franckenberg . At Carl Neumann he worked on Franz von Assisi and Giotto and completed his habilitation in 1926 with a thesis on Tilman Riemenschneider . Since the winter semester of 1926/27 he was teaching at Heidelberg University, from 1931 as an associate professor, from 1935 as a full professor. His book on the German national monument was named "Book of the Month" by the Reich Chamber of Literature in 1934 . Regarding his work before the transfer of power to the National Socialists, his dean Hermann Güntert wrote to the rector in 1935: "Schrade has always acted in the folkish spirit and for this reason was suppressed from all sides in the liberalist times". Schrade joined the Kampfbund for German Culture in 1933 and propagated the National Socialist revolution in martial language. The art historian Erwin Panofsky , who was expelled from Hamburg, explicitly warned his colleagues at Basel University against the informer Schrade.

In 1937, after the membership ban of the NSDAP was relaxed , he was able to become a member of the NSDAP . He played a key role in the impeachment of August Grisebach , who was considered to be “ Jewish misfits ” because of his wife Hanna . Schrade then became a full professor in Heidelberg in 1938. From 1939 Schrade was married to Inge Wolff, who was active in the Reich student body, for the second time . After one semester at the Hamburg art history seminar, Schrade held the art history chair at the Imperial University of Strasbourg from August 1, 1941 until the end of the war , his university assistant there was Gertrud Rinner. In Strasbourg he was Dean of the Philosophical Faculty and Vice Rector . He fled Strasbourg with his wife in November 1944. After the front university was relocated to Tübingen, he briefly took over the rector's office there. Schrade was the editor of the magazine Das Werk des Künstler (1939–1942), which was briefly published by Kohlhammer-Verlag Stuttgart during National Socialism .

After the German surrender, the French occupying power failed to involve the Strasbourg professors in the cleansing measures of the University of Tübingen. Schrade was recognized by the Tübingen Chamber of Justice, which almost always recognized followers , on July 12, 1949 as “followers without measures. There are no political concerns about teaching at German universities. ” Denazified . His Heidelberg doctoral student Erwin Wickert had exonerated him. In the Soviet occupation zone in 1946 his works Buildings of the Third Reich , The German National Monument and Fate and Necessity of Art were placed on the list of literature to be segregated.

Despite his National Socialist past, the University of Tübingen appointed him in 1954 to succeed Georg Weise as head of the Art History Institute, where he taught until his retirement in 1965. Since 1936 he was a member of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences .

Fonts (selection)

• List of publications 1933–45 at the Institute for Art History at the University of Karlsruhe

• The German national monument. Munich, Langen / Müller 1934
• Buildings of the Third Reich. Leipzig, Bibliogr. Institute 1937
• The fate and necessity of art. Leipzig, Armanen-Verlag 1936

literature

• Peter Betthausen ; Peter H. Feist ; Christiane Fork: Metzler-Kunsthistoriker-Lexikon . 210 portraits of German-speaking authors from four centuries , Stuttgart, Metzler 2007 ISBN 978-3-476-02183-0
• Ruth Heftrig [Ed.]: Art history in the "Third Reich". Theories, Methods, Practices , Berlin, Akadademie-Verlag 2008 ISBN 978-3-05-004448-4 , therein:
  • Dietrich Schubert: Heidelberg art history under the swastika. Professors in the transition to the Nazi dictatorship and after 1933 , pp. 65–86
  • Nicola Hille: "German Art History" at a "German University". The University of Strasbourg as a National Socialist Front University and Hubert Schrade's career path there , pp. 87-102
• Nicola Hille, The Art History Institute of the University of Tübingen and the appointment of Hubert Schrade as full professor in 1954, In: Art and Politics. Yearbook of the Guernica Society , Göttingen 2006 ISBN 3-89971-322-2 , pp. 171–195.
• Ernst Klee : The cultural lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 .
• Joseph Wulf : The fine arts in the Third Reich. A documentation. Sigbert Mohn Verlag, Gütersloh 1963.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Quoted in Dietrich Schubert, Heidelberger Kunstgeschichte under the swastika. Professors in the transition to the Nazi dictatorship and after 1933 , p. 75
2. ^ Quoted in Dietrich Schubert, Heidelberger Kunstgeschichte under the swastika. Professors in the transition to the Nazi dictatorship and after 1933 , p. 75f
3. ↑ On the biography of Inge Wolff cf. Michael Grüttner , Biographical Lexicon on National Socialist Science Policy (= Studies on Science and University History. Volume 6), Heidelberg 2004, p. 186.
4. ↑ Gertrud Rinner at dnb
5. ↑ Hille, The Art History Institute of the University of Tübingen and the appointment of Hubert Schrade as full professor in 1954 , note 47, p. 191.
6. ↑ Hille, The Art History Institute of the University of Tübingen and the appointment of Hubert Schrade as full professor in 1954 , p. 183.
7. ^ List of literature to be sorted out 1946