Hyaluronidase
| Hyaluronidase | ||
|---|---|---|
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name | HYAL1 | |
| External IDs | ||
| Drug information | ||
| ATC code | B06 AA03 | |
| DrugBank | DB00070 | |
| Drug class | enzyme | |
| Enzyme classification | ||
| EC, category | 3.2.1.35 , glycosidase | |
| Response type | Hydrolysis of certain (1 → 4) -β bonds | |
| Substrate | Hyaluronic acid | |
| Products | N -acetylgalactosamine | |
| Occurrence | ||
| Parent taxon | Animals, viruses, bacteria | |
| Hyaluronidase | ||
|---|---|---|
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name (s) | hysA | |
| Enzyme classification | ||
| EC, category | 4.2.2.1 , lyase | |
| Response type | Hydrolysis of β-D-GalNAc- (1 → 4) -β-D-GlcA bonds | |
| Substrate | Hyaluronic acid | |
| Products | Degradation products | |
| Occurrence | ||
| Parent taxon | bacteria | |
Hyaluronidases are enzymes that hyaluronan , an important component of the extracellular matrix in connective tissue break down. Depending on which bond is split, it is a hydrolase or a lyase . The former are formed in animals, viruses and bacteria, the latter only in bacteria. Five of these hydrolases (also called chondroitinases ) are known in humans. Their function is still being researched. Mutations in HYAL1 - gene can mucopolysaccharidosis lead type 9 (MPS9). Hyal-PH20 sits on the sperm and helps penetrate the protective covering around the egg cell .
history
Hyaluronidases were discovered as a virulence factor in bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus . Thanks to hyaluronidase, S. aureus is able to dissolve surrounding connective tissue in order to penetrate deeper into the host.
In 1953 Arno Münnich found out that hyaluronidase has an effect on polyarthritis . In 1955, John P. O'Brien described a positive effect on phlebitis .
function
The catalyzed reaction is a process similar to digestion in which the connective tissue is dissolved by the enzymatic action.
Hyal-PH20
Hyaluronidase is released by a special component of the sperm, the acrosome, in order to then, together with other enzymes, dissolve the intercellular substance and cell contacts of the cells of the corona radiata of the egg cell and enable the sperm to penetrate the egg cell.
use
The catalyzed reaction is used to treat wounds that tend to contract or close prematurely (in what is known as secondary healing ). An artificially produced enzyme preparation is placed in the wound and prevents the connective tissue from growing together. The manufacturers of such preparations also advertise a wide range of applications on the musculoskeletal system , which in addition to the bones and muscles also consists of connective tissue.
It is used as an adjuvant in some drugs, such as local anesthetics , so that they can diffuse more easily into the tissue.
It is also used for tendinitis as an intravenous injection .
In cosmetic medicine, hyaluronidase can be used to dissolve hyaluronic acid (filler) injected for cosmetic purposes. That happens u. a. after incorrect treatments and intolerance reactions to hyaluronic acid.
classification
The hydrolytic hyaluronidases ( EC 3.2.1.35 ) form family 56 in the Henrissat classification of glycosidases.
Trade names
Hylase (D, A)
Lido-Hyal (CH)
Hyaluronidase-supported subcutaneous immunoglobulins (D)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Wolf-Dieter Müller-Jahncke , Christoph Friedrich , Ulrich Meyer: Medicinal history . 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-8047-2113-5 , p. 111 .
- ↑ Bernard Henrissat: Glycosyl hydrolase families: classification and list of entries .
