Hyocephalidae

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Hyocephalidae
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Schnabelkerfe (Hemiptera)
Subordination : Bed bugs (heteroptera)
Partial order : Pentatomomorpha
Superfamily : Coreoidea
Family : Hyocephalidae
Scientific name
Hyocephalidae
Stål , 1874

The Hyocephalidae are a family of the bugs (Heteroptera) within the suborder Pentatomomorpha . Of them, three species in two genera are known.

features

The relatively large bugs reach body lengths of up to 15 millimeters. They are reddish brown or black in color and have a moderately elongated, parallel-edged body that is flattened dorsally . They resemble border bugs (Coreidae) of the subfamily Pseudophloeinae and some ground bugs (Lygaidae).

The head is very elongated and strongly tapered. Its surface is provided with tubercles. The point eyes ( ocelli ) are very small and are located near the rear edge of the compound eyes . The front plate ( clypeus ) is raised and pressed in in the middle. The buccules are large, elongated and adjoin each other in front. They are extended at the back to the front edge of the compound eyes. The basal cells of the membrane of the fore wings are formed by the transverse artery that connects the four primary longitudinal arteries. The forewings also have multiple distal veins. The vein connecting the medial vein and the cubital vein on the corium is missing. The scent gland opening on the metathorax has a bristle-like extension. The rails ( tibia ) are grooved. The base of the abdomen ventrally has an egg-shaped, pored organ on each side, which is comparable to the pored area on the sternum of some species of Rhyparochromidae . The trichobothria on the abdomen are located on the third and fourth sternum mesal, on the fifth and sixth lateral and are arranged in groups. All spiracles are ventral. The nymphs have two pairs of dorsal fragrance gland openings on the abdomen between the fourth to fifth tergum . The ovipositor of the female is fringed. The pear-shaped part of the spermatheca lacks clear pump flange-shaped appendages. The elongated eggs have three micropylar processes .

The bristle-shaped extension at the olfactory gland opening on the metathorax is probably an autapomorphy of the family.

distribution

The animals are only common in Australia.

Way of life

Little is known about the way bugs live. They live very hidden under stones in sandy, stony areas. They feed on the ripe seeds of acacia ( Acacia ) and eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus ).

Taxonomy and systematics

The taxon was assigned by Bergroth in 1906 as a subfamily to the edge bugs and in 1912 he even downgraded to tribe level. In the same year, Reuter raised the group to family rank. In his revision of the Pentatomomorpha with a focus on the Lygaeoidea in 1997, Henry came to the conclusion that the family is the sister group of the Stenocephalidae . He justifies this with the (supericorn) antennae that are deflected above the compound eyes and the mobility of the eighth paratergite.

The following genera and species are assigned to the family:

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Family Hyocephalidae. Australian Biological Resources Study. Australian Faunal Directory, accessed December 29, 2013 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g R.T. Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995, pp. 279ff.
  3. ^ TJ Henry: Phylogenetic analysis of family groups within the infraorder Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with emphasis on the Lygaeoidea. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 90 (3): 275-301, 1997.

literature

  • RT Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995.