Rhyparochromidae

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Rhyparochromidae
Pine cone bug (Gastrodes grossipes)

Pine cone bug ( Gastrodes grossipes )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Schnabelkerfe (Hemiptera)
Subordination : Bed bugs (heteroptera)
Partial order : Pentatomomorpha
Superfamily : Lygaeoidea
Family : Rhyparochromidae
Scientific name
Rhyparochromidae
Amyot & Serville , 1843
Eremocoris abietis
Gastrodes abietum
Trapezonotus arenarius

The Rhyparochromidae are a family of bugs (Heteroptera) within the suborder Pentatomomorpha . Until the revision of the Pentatomomorpha with a focus on the Lygaeoidea by Henry in 1997, it was a subfamily of the ground bugs (Lygaeidae) and was then placed in the family rank. It comprises two subfamilies, 14 tribe, 372 genera and around 1850 species and is therefore the most species-rich family of the Pentatomomorpha next to the stink bugs (Pentatomidae). In Europe, 240 species are represented, of which 23 occur in Central Europe.

features

The bugs are usually inconspicuously dull brown in color or patterned brown, black or white. Some species mimic ants in their appearance . Trichobothria are usually developed on the head . The thighs ( femora ) of the front legs are usually thickened and provided with strong thorns on the underside. The suture between the fourth and fifth sternum is fused and is usually curved anterolaterally forward in a curve from the center line of the sternum. It does not reach the dorsal edge of the abdomen. Many species lack wings and shortened wings are found in a number of tribe.

distribution

The family is spread around the world. The demands and habitats of these bugs have been researched relatively well. The vast majority of species are granivorous soil dwellers.

Way of life

The vast majority of species suckle seeds, especially those that have fallen to the ground. The extent to which the animals are bound to certain host plants has only been poorly investigated. Many species are apparently polyphagous . The tribe Cleradini also includes hematophagous species that suck blood from vertebrates . These bugs are mainly found in the nests of birds, pouches and rodents. Clerada apicocornis also sucks on humans, at least occasionally, and can transmit Chagas disease in South America . Sucking on arthropods has also been documented in some species .

Taxonomy and systematics

Amyot & Serville described the taxon in 1843 as "Rhyparochromides". For a long time it was considered a subfamily of the ground bugs (Lygaeidae), but after a revision of the Pentatomomorpha with a focus on the Lygaeoidea by Henry in 1997, it was placed in the family rank. He also raised the tribe Plinthisini to the rank of a subfamily within the Rhyparochromidae. As early as 1874, Carl Stål differentiated five tribes of this large group. Today the group is divided into two subfamilies and 14 tribes:

Species in Europe

The following species occur in Europe:

Subfamily Rhyparochrominae

Tribe Antillocorini

Tribe Drymini

Gonianotini tribe

Tribe Lethaeini

Tribe Megalonotini

Myodochini tribe

Tribus Ozophorini

Tribe Rhyparochromini

Tribe Stygnocorini

Subfamily Plinthisinae

More types

A selection of non-European species:

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c TJ Henry: Phylogenetic analysis of family groups within the infraorder Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with emphasis on the Lygaeoidea. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 90 (3): 275-301, 1997.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Family Rhyparochromidae. (No longer available online.) Australian Biological Resources Study. Australian Faunal Directory, archived from the original on January 9, 2014 ; accessed on January 9, 2014 .
  3. ↑ a b Rhyparochrominae. Fauna Europaea, accessed January 9, 2014 .
  4. ↑ a b Ekkehard Wachmann , Albert Melber, Jürgen Deckert: Bugs. Volume 3: Pentatomomorpha I: Aradoidea (bark bugs), Lygaeoidea (ground bugs, etc.), Pyrrhocoroidea (fire bugs) and Coreoidea (edge ​​bugs, etc.). (=  The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life . 78th part). Goecke & Evers, Keltern 2007, ISBN 978-3-937783-29-1 , p.  104 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e RT Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995, pp. 258f.

literature

  • RT Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995.

Web links

Commons : Rhyparochromidae  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files