Hypotonic lysis

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Erythrocytes in hypertonic, isotonic and hypotonic solutions. The hypotonic solution leads to osmotic lysis
Hypotonic lysis of a leukocyte (top right) in hypotonic solution (13 sec.)

The hypotonic lysis (including osmotic lysis ) refers to the lysis of cells by a strong reduction in tonicity (in hypotonic solutions).

properties

Cells are due to the semi-permeability of the cell membrane of osmosis . Under normal circumstances, isotonic conditions exist. With hypertonic solutions, which contain more soluble substances, the cell loses water to the surrounding solution and shrinks to the shape of the cytoskeleton , as is the case with the plasmolysis of plant cells, while with hypotonic solutions a cell swells due to water absorption and eventually bursts. The cell membrane ruptures, causing the cytosol and cell organelles to diffuse into the surrounding solution. The cell membrane of animals is in turn permeated with cholesterol sulfate in order to reduce the risk of osmotic lysis. Furthermore, the cell membrane is stabilized by the underlying cytoskeleton.

In addition to the dissolution of the membrane lipids, osmotic lysis is one of the two suspected mechanisms in hemolysis with surfactants .

application

Hypotonic lysis is a biochemical method for cell disruption . Furthermore, during cell fractionation, endosomes can be separated from lysosomes by hypotonic lysosomes. By hypotonic lysis of erythrocytes, these can be filled with medicinal substances in the sense of microencapsulation . Various methods for hypotonic lysis are used to selectively enrich certain cell types by hypotonic lysis of undesired cell types, e.g. B. in the separation of PBMC or the isolation of eosinophils .

Individual evidence

  1. CA Strott, Y. Higashi: Cholesterol sulfate in human physiology: what's it all about? In: Journal of lipid research. Volume 44, Number 7, July 2003, pp. 1268-1278, doi : 10.1194 / jlr.R300005-JLR200 , PMID 12730293 .
  2. ^ CE Morris: How did cells get their size? In: The Anatomical record. Volume 268, Number 3, November 2002, pp. 239-251, doi : 10.1002 / ar.10158 , PMID 12382322 .
  3. M. Manaargadoo-Catin, A. Ali-Cherif, JL Pougnas, C. Perrin: Hemolysis by surfactants - A review. In: Advances in colloid and interface science. Volume 228, February 2016, pp. 1–16, doi : 10.1016 / j.cis.2015.10.011 , PMID 26687805 .
  4. ^ CJ Schröter, M. Braun, J. Englert, H. Beck, H. Schmid, H. Kalbacher: A rapid method to separate endosomes from lysosomal contents using differential centrifugation and hypotonic lysis of lysosomes. In: Journal of immunological methods. Volume 227, Numbers 1-2, July 1999, pp. 161-168, PMID 10485263 .
  5. GI Harisa, MF Ibrahim, FK Alanazi: Erythrocyte-mediated delivery of pravastatin: in vitro study of the effect of hypotonic lysis on biochemical parameters and loading efficiency. In: Archives of pharmacal research. Volume 35, Number 8, August 2012, pp. 1431-1439, doi : 10.1007 / s12272-012-0813-4 , PMID 22941486 .
  6. M. Samoszuk: Isolation of human eosinophils from peripheral blood using hypotonic lysis and centrifugation. In: American Journal of Hematology . Volume 81, Number 7, July 2006, pp. 552-553, doi : 10.1002 / ajh.20551 , PMID 16755575 .