IEC 61400
| European Standard | EN 61400 |
|---|---|
| National standards | DIN EN 61400 |
| Area | Electrical engineering |
| Regulates | Wind turbines |
| Brief description | Technical requirements for the construction of wind turbines |
| Latest edition | see text |
The IEC 61400 is an international standard for wind turbines published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
Goal and function
The IEC 61400 contains several parts of the technical requirements for the design of wind turbines. Standards are intended to ensure that wind turbines are properly developed and achieve their planned service life without damage. The standard concerns, among other things, the areas of site suitability, assembly and operation of wind turbines, but also the testing of their components.
Compliance with the essential requirements resulting from IEC 61400 must be verified by a certification body and are a prerequisite for a permit to set up and operate wind turbines. The standard is applied in whole or in part directly in the individual nation states or implemented through national standards.
Whether a type of wind turbine meets the technical requirements z. B. in terms of loads and noise emissions , is usually achieved through the use of prototypes in wind test fields z. B. in Grevenbroich or Østerild checked by measurements.
In Germany, proof of the stability of the wind turbine must be provided prior to construction and commissioning. For this purpose, the guideline for wind turbines - actions and proof of stability for tower and foundation (version October 2012) of the German Institute for Building Technology (DIBt) is to be used.
Wind classes
Wind classes I, II and III according to IEC 61400-1: 2019 are defined by the reference speed V ref = V ave × 5 and the turbulence intensity I 15 at the specific location. For wind conditions outside of the norm where z. B. hurricanes , cyclones or hurricanes are expected, wind class S may be required. For small wind turbines (rotor area <200 m² and AC voltage <1000 V or DC voltage <1500 V), IEC 61400-2 can be used. IEC 61400-3 is applicable for offshore wind turbines .
IEC 61400-1 Edition 4 (2019)
| Wind class | I. | II | III | S. | T | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V ref (m / s) | 50 | 42.5 | 37.5 | Location specific |
57 | |
| V ave (m / s) | 10 | 8.5 | 7.5 |
Tropical cyclone ( typhoon , hurricane , cyclone ) |
||
| I 15 | A + | 18% | ||||
| A. | 16% | |||||
| B. | 14% | |||||
| C. | 12% | |||||
For the introduced tropical cyclone -design T a is the reference speed V ref = 57 adopted m / s.
IEC 61400-1 Edition 3 (2010)
| Wind class | I. | II | III | S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| V ref (m / s) | 50 | 42.5 | 37.5 | Location
specific |
| V ave (m / s) | 10 | 8.5 | 7.5 | |
| I 15 (A) | 16% | |||
| I 15 (B) | 14% | |||
| I 15 (C) | 12% | |||
IEC 61400-1 Edition 2 (1999)
| Wind class | I. | II | III | IV | S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V ref (m / s) | 50 | 42.5 | 37.5 | 30th | Location
specific |
| V ave (m / s) | 10 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 6th | |
| I 15 (A) | 18% | ||||
| I 15 (B) | 16% | ||||
V ave : Average wind speed at hub height in m / s.
I 15 : Turbulence intensity at hub height at a wind speed of 15 m / s. It is influenced by the site area and neighboring systems in a wind farm .
Proof of site suitability of wind turbines in wind farms can be provided using IEC 61400-1. The manufacturer defines the turbulence resistance of a wind turbine. Example: For a location with an average wind speed of 6 m / s and a turbulence intensity of 18%, a so-called low wind system for wind class III A would come into consideration.
Proof of stability according to IEC 61400-1 can be provided by an expert opinion. The statement is also called site suitability of wind turbines or turbulence reports, since the proof of stability depends in particular on the examination of the turbulence load. The confirmation of the proof of stability can also be subject to conditions, e.g. B. sectoral shutdowns of the wind turbine are connected.
In addition to the procedure in accordance with IEC 61400-1, the DIBt also allows the proof of site suitability based on wind zones .
Implementation in Germany
The IEC 61400 is almost completely translated in Germany by the German Institute for Standardization (DIN).
- DIN EN 61400-1: 2011-08; VDE 0127-1: 2011-08 design requirements (IEC 61400-1: 2005 + A1: 2010); German version EN 61400-1: 2005 + A1: 2010
- DIN EN 61400-1: 2015-09; VDE 0127-1: 2015-09 design requirements (IEC 88/521 / CD: 2014) STANDARD DRAFT
- DIN EN 61400-2: 2015-05; VDE 0127-2: 2015-05 Requirements for small wind turbines (IEC 61400-2: 2013)
- DIN EN 61400-3: 2010-01; VDE 0127-3: 2010-01 Design requirements for wind turbines on the open sea (IEC 61400-3: 2009)
- DIN EN 61400-3-1: 2016-03; VDE 0127-3-1: 2016-03 Design requirements for wind turbines on the open sea (IEC 88/517 / CD: 2014) DRAFT STANDARD
- DIN IEC / TS 61400-3-2: 2018-05; VDE V 0127-3-2: 2018-05 Design requirements for floating wind turbines on the open sea (IEC 88/649 / DTS: 2017) PRE-STANDARD DRAFT
- DIN EN 61400-4: 2013-10; VDE 0127-4: 2013-10 Design requirements for gearboxes of wind turbines (IEC 61400-4: 2012)
- DIN EN 61400-6: 2017-11; VDE 0127-6: 2017-11 Design requirements for towers and foundations (IEC 88/619 / CDV: 2017) STANDARD DRAFT
- DIN EN 61400-11: 2013-09; VDE 0127-11: 2013-09 sound measurement method (IEC 61400-11: 2012)
- DIN EN 61400-12-1: 2017-12; VDE 0127-12-1: 2017-12 Measurement of the performance of wind turbines (IEC 61400-12-1: 2017)
- DIN EN 61400-12-2: 2014-02; VDE 0127-12-2: 2014-02 Performance behavior of electricity generating wind turbines with nacelle anemometer (IEC 61400-12-2: 2013)
- DIN EN 61400-13: 2017-06; VDE 0127-13: 2017-06 Measurement of mechanical loads (IEC 61400-13: 2015)
- DIN CLC / TS 61400-14: 2018-02; VDE V 0127-14: 2018-02 Specification of immission-relevant sound power level and tonality values (IEC / TS 61400-14: 2005) VORNORM
- DIN EN 61400-21: 2009-06; VDE 0127-21: 2009-06 Measurement and evaluation of the grid compatibility of grid-connected wind turbines (IEC 61400-21: 2008)
- DIN EN 61400-21-1: 2017-11; VDE 0127-21-1: 2017-11 Measurement and evaluation of the electrical parameters - wind turbines (IEC 88/620 / CDV: 2017) NORM-DRAFT
- DIN EN 61400-22: 2011-10; VDE 0127-22: 2011-10 conformity test and certification (IEC 61400-22: 2010)
- DIN EN 61400-23: 2014-12; VDE 0127-23: 2014-12 Rotor blades - Experimental structural test (IEC 61400-23: 2014)
- DIN EN 61400-24: 2011-04; VDE 0127-24: 2011-04 lightning protection (IEC 61400-24: 2010)
- DIN EN 61400-24: 2018-03; VDE 0127-24: 2018-03 lightning protection (IEC 88/641 / CDV: 2017) STANDARD DRAFT
- DIN EN 61400-25-1: 2007-11 Communication for the monitoring and control of wind turbines - Introductory description of the principles and models (IEC 61400-25-1: 2006)
- DIN EN 61400-25-1: 2017-04; VDE 0127-25-1: 2017-04 Communication for the monitoring and control of wind turbines - Introductory description of the principles and models (IEC 88/587 / CDV: 2016) NORM-DRAFT
- DIN EN 61400-25-2: 2016-06; VDE 0127-25-2: 2016-06 Communication for the monitoring and control of wind turbines - information models (IEC 61400-25-2: 2015)
- DIN EN 61400-25-3: 2016-05; VDE 0127-25-3: 2016-05 Communication for the monitoring and control of wind turbines - service models for the exchange of information (IEC 61400-25-3: 2015)
- DIN EN 61400-25-4: 2017-10; VDE 0127-25-4: 2017-10 Communication for the monitoring and control of wind turbines - mapping to a communication profile (IEC 61400-25-4: 2016)
- DIN EN 61400-25-5: 2007-11 Communication for monitoring and controlling wind turbines - Conformity tests (IEC 61400-25-5: 2006)
- DIN EN 61400-25-5: 2017-08; VDE 0127-25-5: 2017-08 Communication for the monitoring and control of wind turbines - conformity tests (IEC 88/589 / CDV: 2016) NORM-DRAFT
- DIN EN 61400-25-6: 2017-10; VDE 0127-25-6: 2017-10 Communication for the monitoring and control of wind turbines - classes of logical nodes and data classes for condition monitoring (IEC 61400-25-6: 2016)
- DIN CLC / TS 61400-26-1: 2018-03; VDE V 0127-26-1: 2018-03 Time-based availability of wind turbines (IEC / TS 61400-26-1: 2011) VORNORM
- DIN CLC / TS 61400-26-2: 2018-03; VDE V 0127-26-2: 2018-03 Generation-based availability of wind turbines (IEC / TS 61400-26-2: 2014) VORNORM
- DIN IEC / TS 61400-26-3: 2017-07; VDE V 0127-26-3: 2017-07 Availability of wind power plants (IEC / TS 61400-26-3: 2016) VORNORM
- DIN EN 61400-27-1: 2016-05; VDE 0127-27-1: 2016-05 Electrical simulation models - wind turbines (IEC 61400-27-1: 2015)
- DIN EN 61400-27-1: 2017-05; VDE 0127-27-1: 2017-05 Electrical simulation models - Generic models (IEC 88/603 / CD: 2016) STANDARD DRAFT
- DIN EN 61400-27-2: 2017-06; VDE 0127-27-2: 2017-06 Electrical simulation models - validation of the models (IEC 88/604 / CD: 2016) NORM-DRAFT
List of IEC 61400 parts
- IEC 61400-1: 2019 RLV Design requirements
- IEC 61400-2: 2013 Small wind turbines
- IEC 61400-3: 2009 Design requirements for offshore wind turbines
- IEC 61400-4: 2012 Design requirements for wind turbine gearboxes
- IEC 61400-11: 2012 Acoustic noise measurement techniques
- IEC 61400-12-1: 2017 Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines
- IEC 61400-12-2: 2013 Power performance of electricity-producing wind turbines based on nacelle anemometry
- IEC 61400-13: 2015 Measurement of mechanical loads
- IEC TS 61400-14: 2005 Declaration of apparent sound power level and tonality values
- IEC 61400-21: 2008 Measurement and assessment of power quality characteristics of grid connected wind turbines
- IEC 61400-22: 2010 Conformity testing and certification
- IEC 61400-23: 2014 Full-scale structural testing of rotor blades
- IEC 61400-24: 2010 Lightning protection
- IEC 61400-25-1: 2017 RLV Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants - Overall description of principles and models
- IEC 61400-25-2: 2015 Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants - Information models
- IEC 61400-25-3: 2015 RLV Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants - Information exchange models
- IEC 61400-25-4: 2016 RLV Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants - Mapping to communication profile
- IEC 61400-25-5: 2017 Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants - Compliance testing
- IEC 61400-25-6: 2016 Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants - Logical node classes and data classes for condition monitoring
- IEC TS 61400-26-1: 2011 Time-based availability for wind turbine generating systems
- IEC TS 61400-26-2: 2014 Production-based availability for wind turbines
- IEC TS 61400-26-3: 2016 Availability for wind power stations
- IEC 61400-27-1: 2015 Electrical simulation models - Wind turbines
Individual evidence
- ↑ Guideline for wind turbines. Impacts and proof of stability for the tower and foundation ( memento of the original from March 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . German Institute for Building Technology . Retrieved March 24, 2016.
- ↑ Site suitability of wind turbines | F2E Fluid & Energy Engineering. In: f2e.de. Retrieved March 8, 2016 .
- ↑ Proof of site suitability (turbulence report). TÜV Nord , accessed on June 7, 2019 .
- ↑ New standard for the construction of wind turbines. TÜV Nord , May 16, 2019, accessed June 7, 2019 .
