Ichthyodectiformes
Ichthyodectiformes | ||||||||||||
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![]() Thrissops cf. formosus |
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Temporal occurrence | ||||||||||||
Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic) to Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) | ||||||||||||
157.3 to 66 million years | ||||||||||||
Locations | ||||||||||||
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Ichthyodectiformes | ||||||||||||
Bardack & Sprinkle , 1969 |
The Ichthyodectiformes are an extinct order of bony fish (Osteichthyes). They lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Upper Cretaceous , most of the species in the sea, some also in brackish or fresh water .
features
The fish differ from all other real bony fish (Teleostei) by the structure of the tail fin skeleton and a special bone called ethmopalatinum in the floor of the nasal pit . Their caudal fin is large and deeply forked, typical of fast open water hunters ( pelagic ). Most genera have a long anal fin with 24 to 37 fin rays . The dorsal fin sits far back, opposite the anal fin.
The Ichthyodectiformes were predatory fish that had long conical fangs in their jaws . The members of the Ichthyodectidae family were sometimes very large, Gillicus reached lengths of 1.5 meters, Ichthyodectes was 2.2 meters long and Xiphactinus audax was over four meters long.
Systematics
The Ichthyodectiformes among the Neuflossern (Neopterygii) and by the American ichthyologists Joseph S. Nelson with the recent , living in fresh water, Knochenzünglerartigen (Osteoglossiformes) and moon eyes (hiodontiformes) in the group of Knochenzünglerähnlichen asked (Osteoglossomorpha). The monophyly of the Ichthyodectiformes is uncertain.
There are five families:
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken NJ et al. 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
- Robert Lynn Carroll : Paleontology and Evolution of the Vertebrates , Thieme, Stuttgart (1993), ISBN 3-13-774401-6
- Karl Albert Frickhinger: Fossil Atlas of Fishes. Mergus, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde Baensch, Melle 1999, ISBN 3-88244-018-X .
- John A. Long: The Rise of Fishes . The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995, ISBN 0-8018-4992-6
Web links
- Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Ichthyodectiformes