Icarus 31
| Icarus | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Icarus 31/311 | |
| Manufacturer | Icarus |
| design type | Public bus |
| Production period | 31: 1954-1959 311: 1957-1973 |
| axes | 2 |
| engine | Steyr-Csepel D-413 Csepel D-414 |
| length | 8.5 m |
| width | 2.4 m |
| height | 3 m |
| Wheelbase | 4,600 mm |
| Empty weight | 31: 5,400 kg 311: 5,950 kg |
| Perm. total weight | 31: 8,700 kg 311: 9,370 kg |
| Previous model | Icarus 30 |
| successor | Icarus 211 |
The Ikarus 31 was an omnibus made by the Hungarian bus manufacturer Ikarus . The Ikarus 31 was produced from 1954 to 1959, the further development Ikarus 311 from 1957 to 1973. It was developed from the Ikarus Tr 3.5 presented in 1948, which is considered the first bus with a self-supporting structure.
The drive unit was a water-cooled 4-cylinder swirl chamber - Diesel engine type D 413 of Csepel in license by the Austrian company Steyr with a displacement of 5322 cm 3 to be switched together with a manually, semi-synchronized five-speed gearbox is used. The engine delivered an output of 63 kW (85 hp). It was arranged at the front and drove the rear axle of the vehicle via a two-part tubular cardan shaft with three needle roller joints. With this drive unit, the Ikarus 31 reached a top speed of 75 km / h.
The Ikarus 311 had the further developed engine of the type Csepel D-414 with a displacement increased to 5517 cm 3 . The power increased to 70 kW (95 PS), the top speed was 78 km / h.
The chassis was constructed conventionally. The engine is arranged at the front as in the trucks of that time . A self-supporting bus structure, which was designed as a front control arm , was placed on the floor pan . Leaf-sprung rigid axles with telescopic shock absorbers were used on the chassis . With an empty weight of 5.4 t, the permissible total weight was 8.7 t. The hydraulic-pneumatic brake acted on all wheels and was supplemented by a mechanical parking brake . The Ikarus 311 had an empty weight of 5.95 t, the permissible total weight increased to 9.37 t.
The passenger compartment of the Ikarus 31 offered space for 24–36 seats and 16 standing places and the Ikarus 311 for 20–35 seats. In the course of the long production period, different body variants with different numbers of seats were produced. Some buses were built as coaches and had roof windows on the side. The passenger doors were hand-operated, outward-opening doors. Some vehicles also had air-operated folding doors . Due to the position of the engine above the front axle, the front passenger door was located behind the front axle. This arrangement made the bus only suitable to a limited extent for one-man operation in city traffic.
The GDR imported the buses from 1956 to 1973. In September 1988 there were still 156 Ikarus 31 and 198 Ikarus 311 in the GDR.
Web links
literature
- Michael Dünnebier: Trucks and buses from socialist countries . transpress, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-344-00272-4 .
- Werner Oswald: Motor vehicles of the GDR . Motorbuchverlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-613-01913-2 .