Immediatbau
Immediatbauten are buildings with a palatial character in public and representative places, mainly in the city center. You have a public and representative role within the city. Therefore, their appearance is usually conventional. Its legal sponsor is the municipality or the state as the direct ( i.e. immediate ) authority for its edification. They are directly subordinate to this authority.
In such buildings, for example , there are courts of justice , such as the Federal Administrative Court in the building of the former Reich Court in Leipzig , but they can also accommodate hospitals , libraries , museums such as the Altes Museum in Berlin , mints and archives . Immediatbauten also include other communal buildings such as theaters , opera houses or sacred buildings . The world-famous Semperoper in Dresden as the royal court and state opera of Saxony is an example of this.
Immediatbauten in Berlin
In particular, this term is used in connection with the building history of Berlin. Numerous immediate buildings were built in Berlin under Friedrich Wilhelm I and during the reigns of Friedrich II and Friedrich Wilhelm II . After the end of the Seven Years' War , Frederick II made great efforts to bring his royal seat Berlin into line with European metropolises such as London and Paris . In addition to representative buildings, he had numerous handsome, mostly four-story residential houses built - in whole or in part at his own expense - which are also referred to as immediate buildings. The houses given to the property owners were sold to the property owners on condition that they be kept in the appropriate condition. The ruler thus had an influence on the cityscape and was able to choose the architects at his discretion. Stylistically, only the style of the time and the taste in architecture of the Hohenzollerns can be read from the buildings. This in turn meant that the external appearance of such street and residential areas followed its conventions .
Friedrich II had set up an Immediatbaukommission (Immediatbaukommission) to control the building projects, the most important members of which included the architects Carl von Gontard , Georg Christian Unger (as director from 1788), Carl Gotthard Langhans and Conrad Friedrich Wilhelm Titel . At the time of Friedrich Wilhelm III. the leading architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel was also responsible for immediate buildings. It is unmistakable that the suggestions for the architectural design are not only borrowed from classicism , but are also taken from French revolutionary architecture .
Some older residential buildings have been replaced by immediate buildings due to urban planning changes. An example of this is the two-storey house opposite the square where the armory was later built by the Brandenburg electoral fortress builder Johann Gregor Memhardt in 1653 . In 1795/1796 the house was demolished. This was followed by the new building , which the builder Conrad Friedrich Wilhelm Titel built. This building, which was bombed during World War II, was demolished around 1950.
literature
- Astrid Fick: Potsdam, Berlin, Bayreuth - Carl Phillip Christian von Gontard and his bourgeois houses, immediate buildings and city palaces. Petersberg 2000.
Web links
- Martin Engel: The Forum Fridericianum and the monumental residence squares of the 18th century
- Report on the reconstruction of an immediate building
- Goerd Peschken: On the history of civil freedom of choice in Berlin ( Memento from July 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Uwe Kieling: Berlin - Builders and Buildings: From Gothic to Historicism . 1st edition. Tourist Verl., Berlin; Leipzig 1987, ISBN 3-350-00280-3 , p. 180 .