Saquinavir

Structural formula
General
Non-proprietary name	Saquinavir
other names	N - {1-Benzyl-2-hydroxy-3- [3- ( tert -butylcarbamoyl) -1,2,3,4,4a, 5,6,7,8,8a-decahydroisoquinolin-2-yl] propyl } -2 - [(quinolin-2-yl) formylamino] butanediamide ( IUPAC )
Molecular formula	C 38 H 50 N 6 O 5
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 127779-20-8 149845-06-7 (mesilate) PubChem 441243 ChemSpider 390016 DrugBank DB01232 Wikidata Q422654
Drug information
ATC code	J05 AE01
Drug class	HIV protease inhibitor
Mechanism of action	Inhibition of HIV protease
properties
Molar mass	670.84 g mol −1
safety instructions
Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed GHS labeling of hazardous substances Mesylate no GHS pictograms H and P phrases H: no H-phrases P: no P-phrases
Toxicological data	> 5000 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rat ,  oral )
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Saquinavir (SQV) is a drug selected from the group of HIV protease inhibitors and in combination preparations for the therapy of HIV used infections.

indication

The drug is used to treat adults infected with HIV-1. It is used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs in the sense of a so-called " highly active antiretroviral therapy ".

history

Saquinavir was developed by Roche and was the first HIV protease inhibitor to be approved by the American Food and Drug Administration in 1995 . As resistance developed rapidly in many patients, the preparation was withdrawn from the market and approved again in 1997 in a new formulation and thus higher bioavailability . The European Commission approved the drug Invirase with the active ingredient saquinavir in October 1996.

Mechanism of action

Saquinavir is an HIV protease inhibitor. It inhibits HIV protease, a viral enzyme that plays a key role in the production of new virus particles. It is thus able to slow down the spread of HIV in the body of infected people. When saquinavir was used alone, the bioavailability values ​​were very low, which significantly impaired the effect. This is because saquinavir is broken down into ineffective metabolites by the cytochrome P450 system. This is why this drug is now administered in combination with another HIV protease inhibitor, ritonavir , which leads to better effectiveness through higher blood plasma levels, as ritonavir inhibits the cytochrome P450 enzyme system.

Side effects

The most common side effects affect the gastrointestinal tract , i.e. diarrhea , nausea, abdominal pain. Headaches and peripheral neuropathies are less common .

Trade names

Monopreparations

Invirase® (D, A, CH)

The approval for Fortovase® was withdrawn by the EMA on June 27, 2006 after Roche applied for it.

Web links

• European Medicines Agency (EMA) Public Assessment Report (EPAR ) for: Saquinavir
• MEROPS : saquinavir

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Datasheet Saquinavir mesylate, ≥98% (HPLC), powder from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on February 25, 2013 ( PDF ).
2. ↑ Data sheet SAQUINAVIR MESILATE CRS (PDF) at EDQM , accessed on April 19, 2010.
3. ↑ Red List Online, as of August 2009.
4. ↑ Swiss Medicines Compendium , as of August 2009.
5. ↑ AGES-PharmMed, as of August 2009.
6. ^ EMA: Public statement on Fortovase: Withdrawal of the marketing authorization in the European Union .

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !