Isaak Jakob Schmidt
Isaak Jakob Schmidt (born October 14, 1779 in Amsterdam , † August 27, 1847 in St. Petersburg ) was a German Kalmuck researcher , Mongolist , Tibetologist and Buddhologist . He translated the Bible into Kalmyk and Mongolian .
Life
He was born as the son of an accountant and businessman in Amsterdam and attended the boys' school of the Evangelical Brethren in Neuwied from 1785 to 1791 . After his father's business collapsed as a result of the Napoleonic occupation, he emigrated to Russia in 1798 to work in the trading branch of the Evangelical Brethren in Sarepta on the Volga . As part of his business activity (he was supposed to collect debts) he spent a lot of time with the Kalmyks from 1804 to 1806, learned Mongolian and Kalmuck and studied their culture. From 1807 to 1812 he was an accountant for the Saratov branch. In 1812 he married and was transferred to Moscow, but shortly afterwards went to Saint Petersburg before the fire in Moscow . Most of his manuscripts, including Mongolian manuscripts, were lost in the Moscow fire . In Saint Petersburg he became treasurer of the Russian Biblical Society, for which he translated the Bible into Kalmyk and Mongolian. From 1819 he was able to devote himself entirely to translation work. In 1824 his first major work on Mongolian Studies (and on Tibetans) appeared, which led to a dispute with the Berlin orientalist Julius Klaproth . On April 4, 1827 he was at the University of Rostock honorary for master's doctorate. In 1828 a book appeared on the roots of Buddhism. In 1833 he became the Russian State Councilor and received the Order of Vladimir . In 1837 he was on the board of directors of the Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg.
In 1829 his translation of the history of the Mongols appeared , in 1831 his Mongolian grammar and in 1835 his German-Russian-Mongolian dictionary. He also published on Buddhism and the culture of the Tibetans, and in 1839 he published a grammar of Tibetan and in 1841 a Tibetan-German dictionary.
In 1825 he became a foreign member of the Société asiatique in Paris and in 1826 a corresponding (1829 full) member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences . In 1829 he became an honorary member of the Royal Asiatic Society both in Great Britain and India ( Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal ) and also of the Dutch Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschapen .
Works (online)
- The tribes of the Mongols, as a contribution to the history of this people and their royal house . Announcements of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences 1834, p. 409 Google
- Grammar of the Mongolian language . St. Petersburg, 1831 Internet Archive
- The index of the Kandjur . St. Peterburg 1845 digitized
literature
- Richard Hoche : Schmidt, Isaac Jacob . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 31, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 750 f.
- Michael Knüppel: Schmidt, Isaak Jakob. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 28, Bautz, Nordhausen 2007, ISBN 978-3-88309-413-7 , Sp. 1391-1400.
- Hartmut Walravens: Schmidt, Isaak Jakob. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , p. 193 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Hartmut Walravens: Isaak Jacob Schmidt (1779–1847) - Life and work of the pioneer of Mongolian and Tibetan studies: A documentation. Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005, ISBN 978-3-447-05157-6
Web links
- Literature by and about Isaak Jakob Schmidt in the catalog of the German National Library
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry in the Rostock matriculation portal
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Schmidt, Isaak Jakob |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Schmidt, Isaac Jacob |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German Kalmuck researcher, Mongolist, Tibetologist and Buddhologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 14, 1779 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Amsterdam |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 27, 1847 |
| Place of death | St. Petersburg |