Israeli model
The Israeli model (also known as the Israeli solution ) is a government coalition in which the coalition agreements provide for a change of head of government (and possibly also other ministerial posts) during the legislative period . The term refers to the government of Israel from 1984 to 1988, when the labor party Avoda with Shimon Peres initially provided the prime minister. In 1986, Yitzchak Shamir from the Likud bloc took over this position. There was always the other Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister.
The model has since been listed many times as a model for forming governments. In cases of a grand coalition , when the parties are similar in strength, the Israeli model is a better alternative for the (slightly) smaller party than accepting one head of government from the other.
Nevertheless, the Israeli model has not found any imitators until 2020. It is opposed to the interest of the strongest party in providing the head of government. Furthermore, the party that provides the head of government in the second half can move into the new electoral term with the official bonus . The party that provides the head of government in the first half is therefore at a disadvantage. But it has an incalculable advantage: it can end the coalition at the end of the first half of the electoral term. The other party has thus been deprived of the opportunity to appoint the head of government and the party that appoints the head of government in the first electoral term can proliferate with the official bonus. This gives an incentive to end the coalition after the first half.
In Israel the coalition agreement was kept and the electoral term ended. In the 1988 elections, however, both parties lost. The Likud bloc only had 40 seats (after 41), the Labor Party 39 (after 44). Shamir was able to form the next government (also as a grand coalition).
Election to the German Bundestag 2005
After the general election in Germany in 2005 , this type of division of government between the SPD and CDU / CSU was seen as a possibility of the grand coalition. Gerhard Schröder would initially have remained in the office of Federal Chancellor for another two years and would then have been replaced by Angela Merkel . However, according to its own statement, the Union rejected this model.
Election to the Knesset 2020
After the parliamentary elections in Israel 2020 , Benny Gantz ( Kachol Lavan ) and Benjamin Netanyahu ( Likud ) agreed on a grand coalition between their parties, in which a rotation in the office of prime minister is planned. Netanyahu will initially hold office for a year and a half and then be replaced by Gantz.
Elections for the Dáil Éireann 2020
After the parliamentary elections in Ireland in 2020 , Micheál Martin ( Fianna Fáil ) and Leo Varadkar ( Fine Gael ) agreed on a coalition between their parties and the Greens , in which a rotation in the office of Prime Minister is foreseen. Martin will initially hold the office for two years and then be replaced by the previous Taoiseach Varadkar.
Individual evidence
- ^ Israeli Cabinet Fights Intensify - Meetings Often Raucous; 'Rotation Fever' Blamed By DAN FISHER, Los Angeles Times , March 9, 1986
- ^ Union rejects "Israel" solution , Berliner Morgenpost , September 25, 2005
- ↑ Israel: Netanyahu and Gantz agree on coalition. tagesschau.de , accessed on April 21, 2020 .
- ↑ https://www.rte.ie/news/politics/2020/0615/1147519-government-formation/