Ivan Panfilovich Below

Ivan Panfilowitsch Below ( Russian Иван Панфилович Белов ; born June 15 ^{. Jul} / 27. June  1893 ^greg. In Kallinnikowo in the Vologda Oblast ; † 29. June 1938 ) was a Soviet general .

Life

The son of a poor farmer worked as a worker in a sawmill in 1913. In the same year he became a member of the Russian Army until 1916, where he served as a non-commissioned officer in the 13th Siberian Infantry Regiment in the First World War. From 1916 to 1917 he was assigned to a punitive battalion.

From 1917 to 1919 he belonged to the left faction of the Social Revolutionaries . After the February Revolution of 1917 he was elected first as secretary of the soldiers' committee of the 1st Siberian Reserve Infantry Regiment in Tashkent , then as head. He held this position until 1918. When the October Revolution broke out, he sided with the Red Guard and supported them with weapons and ammunition. From 1918 to 1919 he commanded the garrison and fortress of Tashkent.

In January 1919 there was an uprising against the existing leadership in Tashkent, which he was able to suppress. As a result of this development he joined the RSDLP . From 1919 on he became the commander in chief of the armed forces of the Soviet Turkmen Republic. Then he took over command of the 3rd Turkmen Infantry Division until 1920, then command on the front of Samireche in the fight against the commanders of the Whites Boris Annenkow and Alexander Dutow .

From 1921 to 1922 he was in command of the 2nd, 9th Don and 22nd Krasnodar Infantry Divisions. From 1923 to 1925 he was in command of the 2nd, 9th and 15th Infantry Corps in the North Caucasian Military District. In 1923 he also attended the Academy of the General Staff. In the Moscow Military District he served as a deputy commander from 1925 to 1927.

He was in command of the North Caucasian Military District from 1927 to 1931. He then took over command of the Leningrad Military District until 1935. From 1935 to 1938, he commanded the Belarusian Military District. For the first time he became a deputy of the Assembly of the Supreme Soviet in 1937. In the course of the Stalinist purges , a special military tribunal was set up on the orders of Stalin in 1937 . The military judge Wassili Wassiljewitsch Ulrich led the special court, to which Below also belonged.

In June 1937 the trial began against the commanders Robert Eidemann (1895-1937), Boris Feldman , Iona Jakir , August Kork , Vitali Primakow , Witowt Putna (1893-1937) and Mikhail Tukhachevsky , all of whom were sentenced to death by shooting.

When Below turned against the arrest of General Serditsch, he himself came under suspicion of being a conspirator . In January 1938 he was ordered to come to Moscow, where he was immediately arrested by the secret service. He was accused of having committed a criminal offense for his corps commander Serditsch. The court sentenced him to death by shooting. The sentence was carried out on June 29, 1938. A rehabilitation took place only after the death of Stalin.

literature

• Robert Conquest : The Great Terror. Soviet Union 1934–1938 ("The great terror"). 2nd edition Langen Müller, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-7844-2415-5 .
• Géorgi N. Golikow, MI Kuznetsov: Lexicon of the Great October Socialist Revolution ("Malenkaja Enciklopedija Velikaja Oktjabrskaja Socialisticeskaja Revoljucia"). Bibliographical Institute, Leipzig 1976.
• Donald Rayfield: Stalin and his hangmen ("Stalin and his hangmen"). Blessing-Verlag, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-89667-181-2 .
• Heinrich E. Schulz u. a. (Ed.): Who was Who in the USSR . Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, NJ 1972, ISBN 0-8108-0441-7 .

Web links

Commons : Ivan Belov  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files