Metro Izmir
| Basic data | |
| Country |
 Turkey
|
|---|---|
| city | Izmir |
| opening | 2000 |
| Lines | 1 |
| Route length | 20 km |
| Stations | 17th |
| Tunnel stations | 9 |
| Long-distance train stations | 1 |
| use | |
| Shortest cycle | 2.5 minutes |
| Residents in the catchment area | 3.5 million |
| vehicles | Adtrance |
| operator | İzmir Metrosu, City Administration (ESHOT) |
| Power system | side busbar , 750 V DC |
The Izmir Metro ( Turkish İzmir Metrosu ) in the western Turkish city of Izmir is one of the five metro systems in Turkey . The İzmir Metro currently consists of just one line. This is 20 km long and has 17 stations. The journey on the route, which runs underground, on a viaduct and in the cut, takes about 25 minutes. The platforms are 125 meters long and 3-car trains stop at them.
history
| The İzmir Metro in data | |
|---|---|
| Transport capacity at peak times per direction | 45,000 people |
| Max. Transport capacity per day | 1,700,000 people |
| minimally driven cycle intervals | 2.5 minutes |
| Top speed | 80 km / h |
| Average Operating speed | 40 km / h |
| Access | Stairs, escalators , elevators ; Ticket lock |
| Access for the mobility impaired at every station | yes, elevators |
| Average travel length per passenger | 6 km |
| Line color | blue |
Preliminary planning
The traffic conditions in the growing Aegean metropolis deteriorated, since the beginning of the 1980s the individual traffic on İzmir's streets and with it the air pollution steadily increased. The urban bus system alone was no longer able to adequately ensure the mobility of the city. Construction work on the İzmir Metro began on May 18, 1995. Previously, in 1989, Heusch and Bosefeldt had already carried out traffic flow measurements on the city's main traffic axes for two years. The knowledge gained was incorporated into the “transport master plan” drawn up by the city administration to determine the routes to be built. Priorities in the underground construction were set in such a way that the bus network v. a. should be replaced or supplemented by the construction of rail-bound express transport lines on the city's busiest routes and streets, as the latter have a higher transport capacity. In 1993 the contract to build the metro system was signed.
construction
The first line was built by a consortium of several companies led by Adtranz. The cost was about $ 500 million. It was opened on August 25, 2000 with ten stations. At the beginning of 2012 the route to the north was extended by approx. 2 km and two stations (Ege University and Evka 3). Another extension of the line took place at the end of 2012 when the İzmirspor and Hatay stations, which are located at the southern end of the extended line, were put into operation. This extended the line by a further 1.7 km.
Route
The metro line begins southwest of the center of İzmir at Hatay station and initially runs below the İnönü Caddesi boulevard in a north-easterly direction through the city center (Konak). In Basmane , the metro leaves the tunnel and continues above ground to Bölge. The route passes Halkpınar - one of the train stations in İzmir where you can change to the İzban S-Bahn system - as well as the Stadyum station at the sports stadium. In Bornova, the metro runs underground past the Ege University to Evka. The Hatay, Izmirspor, Üçyol, Konak, Çankaya and Basmane stations in the southwest of the line and the newly opened Ege Üniversite and Evka 3 stations at the northeast end of the line are located in the tunnel, the Hilal and Stadyum (stadium) stations are on a viaduct and the Bornova station in a cut.
Technology and vehicles
Subway system
The metro is not a light rail , but a "real" subway, because it runs completely independently of other rail traffic and completely separate from road traffic as a closed system on its own track.
Gauge and energy supply
The gauge is - as on all underground systems in Turkey, z. B. in Istanbul , Ankara , and Adana - standard gauge 1435 mm. The energy is supplied via a lateral power rail . The pantographs, which are located laterally in the lower area of the vehicles at the level of the bogies , coat the conductor rail, so that no overhead lines can be seen on the above-ground sections of the route . The DC voltage is 750 V.
Vehicle material
The 2.65 m wide and 3.76 m high (above the top of the rails) metro cars were supplied by the manufacturer Bombardier. It is a model from the Flexity Swift range . Each car has four doors on each side for quick passenger changes. Most of the metro trains run in three-car units. At rush hours four-car units can be used. The metro trains are made of stainless steel and painted white and black. The red applications below the windows are characteristic of the İzmir metro. One car can take 300 passengers, 44 of them seated, the rest are standing room.
Construction stages
The line's tunnels consist of three different sections in which different tunneling methods were used.
The Nene Hatun Tunnel
The Nene Hatun Tunnel is the 1,384.7 meter long and approx. 10 meter wide double-track tunnel section that connects the Üçyol station with the Konak stop in the city center. In the area of the stations, the width is approx. 17 meters. An additional 141.58 m long tunnel section at the end of the Üçyol station serves as a turning point for the trains. Due to a height difference of 70 meters between the two stations open design did not come into consideration so that this section with the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM), known in English-speaking countries also labeled New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) was built. The tunnel is 30 to 50 meters below the road surface. As a result, the platform is 32.5 meters below the road surface. The gradient between the two stations is 4 percent. Construction work on this section began on May 18, 1995 at the Yeşilyurt (Üçyol) junction with the excavation of a 32.5 meter deep vertical shaft with a diameter of 15 meters. After a construction period of 195 days for the shaft, construction of the Nene Hatun Tunnel began. On May 26, 1996, production began at Konak station, so that this section of the tunnel was completed on August 15, 1997.
The Ümmühan main twin tunnels
The Ümmühan twin tunnels connect the Konak, Çankaya and Basmane stations. They represented the most difficult construction phase. The groundwater already presented a particular challenge at a depth of 1.5 m, as the tunnels and stations are at a height below sea level. As there are ancient buildings and up to eight-story buildings as well as a tight curve with a radius of 250 m on this section of the route, this tunnel section was constructed using the EPBM tunneling method. This section of the tunnel then consists of two single-track tubes running side by side with an inner diameter of 5.7 m and a total length of 2753 m. The tubes run an average of 18 m below the road surface. In the area of the tight curve with a radius of 250 meters between the Konak and Çankaya stations, the tunnels are not parallel, but are clearly separated from each other. The reason for this is a water pumping station and buildings with deep basements and foundations. Here the tunnels run right underneath the building so that the tubes run deepest here. The twin tunnels were built using the tunnel boring machine (TBM) specially made by Herrenknecht with a boring head diameter of 6.56 m. The total length of the tunnel boring machine was 74 and the feed force 44,300 kN / 350 bar. On August 25, 1997, drilling began with the tunnel boring machine from Basmane towards Konak. Due to ancient finds during the construction work, there were time interruptions. These finds are exhibited today at the Çankaya station.
Tunnel section Bornova - Evka 3
The construction of the 2.25 km long tunnel section between the Bornova and Evka 3 stations began in August 2007 and runs through the campus of Ege University. This section of the route was opened in March 2012. The tunnel was built using the open construction method. The total cost was approximately 90 million Turkish lira. This extension to Bornova city center was originally planned. Due to high deformations in the surrounding buildings, the planned tunnel was shortened from 3.4 km in length to 2.25 km and the terminus Bornova-Zentrum was temporarily deleted from the project.
Expansion plans
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The only line so far is to be expanded into a crossover network. Branches to Dokuz Eylül University (University of September 9) via Buca, to Narlıdere, to the bus station (Otogar) and an extension to the city center of Bornova are planned. The urban areas in the north such as B. Karsıyaka, Bostanlı and Cigli and the urban areas in the south z. B. Gaziemir and Adnan Menderes Airport are served by the S-Bahn (İZBAN) . You can change from the S-Bahn to the Metro at the Halkapınar station. Another transfer station is at the Hilal metro station and one is planned in Şirinyer (Buca).
Section Üçyol - F.Altay
The section Üçyol - F.Altay represents the extension of the current line from the station Üҫyol to F.Altay Platz in Üçkuyular and runs completely underground. It is currently under construction. This section of the route is to be opened at the end of 2013. The 5.5 km long double-track tunnel will be constructed using the new Austrian tunneling method (NATM). With the completion of this section, the line will be expanded by five stations. These are: Izmirspor, Hatay, Göztepe, Poligon and F.Altay. The Güzelyalı station between Poligon and F.Altay was originally planned, but this was deleted from the project due to enormous deformations in the surrounding buildings as well as unplanned conditions in the ground.
Section Halkapınar - Otogar (bus station)
The construction of this section is to begin after the completion of the construction work on the section Üçyol - F.Altay. Most of the 4.5 km long route should be underground. Four stations are planned to Halkapınar: Vakıflar, Çamdibi, Altındağ and Otogar. The Ministry of Transport will bear the costs for this section of the route and its construction.
Section F.Altay - Narlıdere
The construction of this approx. 5 km long section will extend the line from F. Altay Square to Narlıdere. This section is to be built after the completion of the sections Üçyol - F.Altay and Halkapınar– Otogar (bus station). It will run completely underground. Five stations are planned: Balçova, Çağdas, DEÜ Hastanesi (September 9th University Hospital), Güzel Sanatlar Fakanschesi (Faculty of Art) and Narlıdere. The construction and the costs are also to be borne by the Ministry of Transport for this section of the route.
Section Üçyol - Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi
This section of the route leads from the Üçyol station via Buca (Şirinyer) to the September 9th University (DEÜ). Most of the 8 km long route will be underground. Seven stations are planned: Bozyaka SSK Hastanesi (Bozyaka SSK Hospital), Cennetoğlu, Şirinyer, Buca Belediye (Buca City Hall), Buca Stad, Buca Koop and Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi (September 9th University). A transfer station to the S-Bahn (İZBAN) is planned in Şirinyer. However, the construction of this section of the route has not been finalized, as a tram could possibly be built instead of the metro.
Extension to Bornova city center
Due to high deformations in the surrounding buildings, the Bornova-Zentrum terminus was deleted from the project for the Bornova - Evka 3 section, which was newly opened in March 2012. However, the extension into the center of Bornova is to be examined again and carried out with special construction methods.
Price system and tariffs
There are ticket locks at every station that can only be opened with a valid ticket. There is an electronic debit system, as well as discounts for special groups, etc. a. Students, retirees and civil servants. A single ticket entitles you to use the metro (as well as the city buses integrated into the tariff system) for 90 minutes in any direction.
| Fares | ||
|---|---|---|
| Billet | Normal price in TL | reduced price TL |
| Single trip ("bilet") | 2.00 | 1.40 |
| student | 1.10 | |
| 2 trip ticket | 6.50 | |
| 3 trip ticket | 9.40 | |
| 5 trip ticket | 15.20 | |
| Kentkart | 6.00 | |
Izmir S-Bahn (İZBAN)
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İzmir also has a S-Bahn network . A line stops at the airport . The lines run every 10 to 15 minutes in the direction of Alsancak city center.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Metro İşletmeciliği Taşımacılık - İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. (PDF) (No longer available online.) İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi, archived from the original on September 2, 2011 ; Retrieved November 16, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 31, 2012 ; Retrieved December 30, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ UrbanRail.net - Izmir. Retrieved November 16, 2012 .
- ↑ Excavation Parameters and Evaluations of Nene Hatun Tunnel - İzmir Metro. (PDF; 366 kB) Retrieved on August 24, 2012 .
- ↑ Excavation Parameters and Evaluations of Ümmühan Tunnels (EPBM) - İzmir Metro. (PDF; 425 kB) Accessed August 24, 2012 .
- ↑ Ücret Tarifesi. Retrieved November 18, 2013 .
