Istanbul Metro
| Basic data | |
| Country |
 Turkey
|
|---|---|
| city | Istanbul |
| Transport network | Transport Association Istanbul |
| opening | 1989 |
| Lines | 6th |
| Route length | 115.3 km; 210.8 km under construction |
| Stations | 88 |
| Tunnel stations | 70 |
| Long-distance train stations | 2 |
| use | |
| Shortest cycle | 2 minutes |
| operator |
 İstanbul Ulaşım
|
| Power system | Overhead line, side busbar |
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The Istanbul Metro (Turkish İstanbul Metrosu ) is the underground system of the Turkish city of 15 million Istanbul . It opened in 1989 and consists of lines M1 A , M1 B , M2 , M3 , M4 , M5 and M6 . The subway network operated by the urban public transport company İstanbul Ulaşım is currently being expanded and currently comprises 69 stations, 53 of which are on the European side of the city and has a route length of 90.5 km (May 2015). In addition to the S-Bahn , light rail , tram and city bus and ferry network , the metro is part of the backbone of public transport in the city.
history
Istanbul has the second oldest subway on the European continent. The first and only underground railway line for over a hundred years is the short Tünel Railway. This funicular in the tunnel was opened in 1875. In Europe, only the London Underground is older (opened in 1863). The 573 meter long route, which has two stations, overcomes a height of 60 meters, is located in the Beyoğlu district and is not counted as part of the subway today.
The construction of modern subways as a means of mass transport did not begin in Istanbul until the end of the 1980s due to increasing traffic jams and the impending traffic blackout.
Construction of modern metro lines
Beginning in the 1980s
In 1986/87 it was decided to build a light rail system, which was built underground from Aksaray in 1989 to the northwest. The line was extended to the Yenibosna district by 1995. The expansion reached Ataturk Airport in the west of the city in 2002. The 20 km long line now has 18 stations. For a long time it was referred to as the Hafif Metro , literally “light subway”, which could be translated as light rail . However, it is completely separated from other road and rail traffic and level boarding is possible everywhere, which makes it a fully-fledged subway. The only thing that is reminiscent of a light rail is the operation with overhead lines , instead of the side conductor rails typical of underground trains . That is why the line was renamed M1, but colloquially it is still sometimes referred to as "Hafif Metro". With the tram line T4 Istanbul actually has a light rail , which z. B. in Cologne, Frankfurt or Stuttgart is comparable. The T4 trains run in the north of the line as a tram with intersections with road traffic. However, some stations are underground and thus similar to underground operations.
1990 to 2013
Construction work on the second metro line began in 1992. The first section between Taksim Square and 4th Levent with six stations was put into operation on September 16, 2000. The trains ran every five minutes at peak times and carried 130,000 passengers a day. A trip between the two end stations took around 12 minutes. The subway was after the cut-and-cover built method to an earthquake of magnitude 9 withstand. The six different colored stations of the first section are 4. Levent, Levent, Gayrettepe, Şişli, Osmanbey and Taksim. On January 30, 2009 the line was extended at both ends: in the south by one station from Taksim Square to Şişhane and in the north by three stations from the 4th Levent to Ataturk Oto Sanayi. On September 2, 2010, the Darüşşafaka station was opened at the northern end. Since November 11, 2010, the Seyrantepe station, where the Türk Telekom Arena is located , has also been served by a side branch of the line . On May 22, 2011, the last stretch to Hacıosman was opened, with which the line has taken its current shape with a total of 23.5 kilometers.
The construction of another line, this time on the Asian side, the preliminary planning of which will extend into 2005, began in 2010. The M4 line running there, which runs under the D-100 expressway, was opened on August 17, 2012. It leads from the Kadıköy district to Kaynarca and initially has 19 stations. In İbrahimağa / Ayrılıkçeşme you can change to the Marmaray network or to the S-Bahn and in Kadıköy to the T3 tram. In Ünalan you can change to the Metrobüs , which goes to the European side of Istanbul.
A fourth underground line, which is located on the European side in the northwest of the city and is served by the M3 line, was opened to passenger service on September 10, 2012. The gap from Esenler bus station to Kirazlı station on the M3 was completed with the completion of the M1 B on June 14, 2013.
New construction and expansion of further lines from 2014
In September 2014, in addition to the M2, the M1 A and M1 B lines were connected to the Yenikapı Marmaray train station. After the end of the test operation, the official inauguration will take place on October 29, 2014. With the closure of the 700 m long gap between the previous terminus Aksaray and the S-Bahn and U-Bahn junction Yenikapı, a larger closed high-speed train network has been created in Istanbul for the first time.
Two more metro lines, the M5 on the Asian side and the M7 line in the European part of the city, are under construction; official opening dates are 2015 (M5) and 2017 (for the western section of the M7). The M6 was completed in April 2015.
Color scheme and line icons
Each metro line is assigned a line identification color and a line symbol in the Istanbul transport network. Istanbul Ulasim uses round line symbols in the graphic representation for all rail systems and the metrobus, which are distinguished by the letters 'M' Metro, 'B' for Banliyö Trenı (S-Bahn) and 'T' for Tramvay (tram).
Line courses
Line M1 A
The southeastern starting point of the M1 is the S-Bahn and U-Bahn station in Yenikapı. In Aksaray - west of the historical peninsula - there is a transfer option to T1. As far as the Ulutbatlı-Topkapı station, the transfer station to the Vatan stop on the T4 light rail line , the route runs underground below Adnan Menderes Boulevard to the northwest. At the Kartaltepe-Kocatepe station, the line turns to the southwest to the junction with the M1 B at Otogar. The route of line M1 A takes course via Zeytinburnu station, a transfer option to tram line T1; it passes the districts of Ataköy, Bahçelievler and the exhibition center and leads underground to its south-western terminus, Ataturk Airport . The Aksaray, Emniyet-Fatih, Topkapı-Ulubatlı, Bakırköy-İncirli, Bahçelievler and Airport stations are underground. The stations Bayrampaşa-Maltepe, Sagmalçılar, Kartaltepe-Koçatepe, Otogar, Esenler, Terazidere, Zeytinburnu, Ataköy / Şirinevler and Yenibosna are located above ground but on their own track. The Davutpaşa, Merter and DTM-Fuar (exhibition center) subway stations are located on a viaduct.
Line M1 B
The line branch of the M1 B leaves the common course with the M1 A at the Otogar bus station. The route runs above ground to Esenler and from the converted Esenler underground station westwards to Kirazlı, where it ends at the M3 until the nine-kilometer route between Kirazlı and the south-west Halkalı S-Bahn station is completed. For the extension, the Kirazlı station was developed as a crossing station.
Line M2
The M2 line begins at Yenikapı S-Bahn station and runs underground in a northerly direction through the historic peninsula. She crosses the Golden Horn on the Metro bridge over the Golden Horn , on which the Haliç (Golden Horn) underground station is also located. After crossing the line, the line reaches the underground station Şişhane in the Beyoğlu district. To the northeast of the route is Taksim Square; From there you can change to the underground funicular F1 and the nostalgic tram T5. North of the modern center are u. a. Osmanbey, Şişli (with a connection to the Metrobüs ), Gayrettepe and the Levent financial district. In Sanayi the line branches off to the west to the football arena in Darüşşafaka and to the north in the direction of Hacıosman. Except for the bridge over the Golden Horn, the entire line is underground. The southern extension to Yenikapı went into operation on February 15, 2014. The Haliç subway station is in the middle of the bridge.
Line M3
The staging of the Olympic Games, for which Istanbul had applied unsuccessfully, required the sports facilities to be connected to the public rail network. The M3 line begins at its southern end in Kirazlı. After the completion of the M1 B, a transfer station for this line leading east to the bus station was built at this station. So far, the route of the M3 runs northwest to the İkitelli Sanayi station. From here a branch branches off to the west to the Olympic Center. The second section of the route to the north ends after four stops at Metrokent station in the Başakşehir district.
Line M4
In Kadıköy, the route of the M4 line starts at the local ferry port on the Asian side of Istanbul; The T3 tram line and a bus station are within walking distance. The line is to the Ayrılıkçeşme station, where a transfer station was created with the completion of the Marmaray S-Bahn project on October 29, 2013, on a north-easterly course. It then bends to the east and runs from Ünalan, where there is a connection to the Metrobus towards the European side, in a south-easterly direction, mostly under the D-100 expressway to Tavşantepe, its provisional endpoint.
Line M5
The M5 runs from the Üsküdar S-Bahn station on the Asian side of Istanbul in an easterly direction to Çekmeköy-Sancaktepe. The M5 is the first fully automated and driverless metro line in Istanbul. In Üsküdar you can change to the trains of the Marmaray - S-Bahn system , which runs in a tunnel under the Bosporus to the European side of the city. In Altunizade passengers also can be connected to the also Europe with Asia Metrobüs change. In the future there will be an option to switch to the M12 metro lines currently under construction in Çarşı and the M8 in Dudullu.
Line M6
The M6 line runs from its western starting point, Levent M2 station, 3.3 kilometers in the direction of the Bosporus. It comprises four stations and ends at Boğaziçi University.
Overall network
| line | route | opening | length | Train stations | Comments on the planning and expansion status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Yenikapı ↔ Ataturk Havalimanı (Airport) | 3rd September 1989 | 20.3 km | 18th | South extension to Yenikapı (together with M1 B ) completed in September 2014 (0.7 km) |
 |
Yenikapı ↔ Kirazlı | March 31, 2013 | 14.0 km | 13 | South extension to Yenikapı (together with M1 A ) completed in September 2014 (0.7 km) |
 |
Yenikapı ↔ Hacıosman or Seyrantepe | September 16, 2000 | 23.5 km | 16 | |
 |
Kirazlı ↔ Metrokent or Olimpiyat | March 31, 2013 | 15.9 km | 11 | South expansion from Kirazlı (9.0 km with 8 stations) under construction |
 |
Kadıköy ↔ Tavşantepe | 17th August 2012 | 26.5 km | 19th | Extension (7.0 km with 4 train stations in the northeast) under construction |
 |
Üsküdar ↔ Çekmeköy-Sancaktepe | October 21, 2018 | 20.0 km | 16 | |
 |
Levent ↔ Hisarüstü | April 19, 2015 | 4.2 km | 4th | Line in test operation since February 2014; opened on April 19, 2015; Originally known as the mini metro, the line has been called M6 since September 2013 |
 |
Kabataş ↔ Mahmutbey | - | 22.9 km | 19 (planned) | Line under construction since February 2014 on the Şişli-Mahmutbey section |
 |
Dudullu ↔ Bostancı | - | 14.2 km | 13 | Line under construction |
 |
Ataköy ↔ İkitelli | - | 13.4 km | 12 | Line under construction |
 |
Pendik ↔ Sabiha Gokcen Airport | - | 9.01 km | 6 (planned) | Line in planning |
| M11 | Gayrettepe ↔ Istanbul Airport | 37.2 km | 9 | Line under construction | |
| M12 | Goztepe ↔ Ümraniye | 13 km | 11 | Line under construction |
Expansion planning and construction progress
After years of stagnation, the Istanbul metro network is currently in a constant state of development, with the various projects progressing at different levels. It is partly about the construction of new underground lines; on the other hand, to extend existing systems with the aim of crossing and merging the lines (e.g. M1 B / M3 or M1 A & M1 B / M2 / S-Bahn). In 2013, the city administration published a plan entitled "Metro everywhere, Metro everywhere", which provides for the expansion of the entire high-speed rail network (including S-Bahn and tram) to a length of 774 km by 2019. The goal has been implemented gradually since 2010: Line M1 B went into operation on June 13, 2013 . She is a West branch of the M1 from the Otogar (remote bus station) , so that the previous line M1 (Aksaray- Ataturk Airport ) now M1 A 's. An M5 line under construction on the Asian side is expected to start regular passenger service in 2015. The construction of a metro line from Kabataş to Mahmutbey ( M7 ) is also included in the official local transport plan, as is the construction of a metro line ( M8 ) planned from Bakırköy-İncirli on the M1 A west to Beylikdüzü (TÜYAP ). In addition, since 2015, a line consisting of four stations and known as a mini-metro has been running in the Levent financial district from Levent station eastwards towards the Bosporus. In the medium-term planning, the Istanbul rail network (S-Bahn, tram and metro) is to be expanded to 404 kilometers by 2019, according to official announcements by the city administration. This includes at Metro the West extensions of the existing lines M1 B to the S-station Halkalı and M2 of Yenikapı to İncirli also included, such as the construction of two lines on the Asian city page: One of them is the Sabiha Gökçen airport with the M4 and the intercontinental S-Bahn line connect Marmaray. The second line from Bostancı northwards will cross the M4 at Kozyatağı station and connect it with the M5 line at Dudullu station.
Extension of the M4
The M4 line will initially be extended in the southeast from Kartal to Pendik and a side branch of the line is to reach Sabiha Gökcen Airport in the long term . On August 19, 2015, the contract for the extension of the M 4 from Kaynarca to Sabiha Gökcen Airport was signed. The consortium of the Turkish companies Gülermak and YSE was awarded the contract. The section from Kaynarca to Sabiha Gökcen Airport is 7.4 km and should be completed in March 2018. The travel time between Kadiköy and Sabiha Gökcen Airport should be 46 minutes. This would also mean that this airport would be connected to the Istanbul metro network for the first time in its history.
Expansion of the M3
The M3 branches into two branches at the İkitelli Sanayi station. One branch goes from Kirazlı to Başakşehir , the other branch to the Ataturk Olympic Stadium in the northwest. In Kirazlı, the temporary southern terminus of the M3, it is possible to change between M3 and M1 B. In the long term, the M3 is to be expanded southwards to Bakırköy station in Marmaray. There will be eight more stations on this 9 km extension. The expansion to the south is expected to be completed by 2017.
Completion of lines M5 and M6 and construction of the new lines M7, M8, M9, M10, M11 and M12
A number of routes are being rebuilt. The M6 opened in April 2015. Since the completion of the stretch running from Üsküdar to Çemeköy took place before the Kabataş-Mahmutbey metro, the former is named line M5 and the latter line M7.
Üsküdar-Çekmeköy-Metro M5 (in operation)
The Üsküdar-Çekmeköy-Metro M5 runs on the Asian side from the S-Bahn station Üsküdar in an easterly direction. Construction began on June 6, 2012. 16 stations will be approached. In Üsküdar you can change to the Marmaray S-Bahn. The first section was opened on December 15, 2017 between Üsküdar and Yamanevler; the entire line went into operation on October 21, 2018.
M6 Metro in Levent Financial District (operational)
On April 19, 2015, the four-station M6 went into operation. The drive from Levent to Hisarüstü takes five minutes. The line can carry 10,000 passengers per hour. The goal is a better connection of the Aşiyan district on the Bosporus to the M2 . At the eastern terminus, Hisarüstü, there will be a possibility to change to a cable car .
Construction of the M7 from Kabataş to Mahmutbey
The M7 line will connect the Beşiktaş district via Şişli with the northwestern districts and pass the Golden Horn in the north. The tender for the construction of the line ended on September 18, 2013. On February 13, 2014, the construction of the section from Mecidiyeköy to Mahmutbey began. The western end of the 25 km long route, which will have 18 stations, will be in Mahmutbey on the M3. The section from Mahmutbey to Şişli, where a transfer station to the M2 is being built, is to be opened by 2017 and initially to 15 stations. The 18 km long double tunnels can transport up to 70,000 passengers an hour in each direction. With the exception of three viaducts, the route runs underground and serves six city districts (Şişli, Kağıthane, Eyüp, Gaziosmanpaşa, Esenler and Bağcılar).
Construction of the M8 from Bostanci to Dudullu
This line, which is currently under construction, is being built on the Asian side and will connect two metro lines, the M4 at Kozyatağı and M5 at Dudullu, as well as the Marmaray station and the YHT long-distance station at Bostanci. The line will have a total length of 14.2 km with a total of 13 stations and should go into operation in 2020.
Construction of the M9 from Ataköy to Ikitelli
This line is being built on the European side and will connect the M3 in İkitelli Sanayi with the M1A in Yenibosna and the Marmaray station in Ataköy in a north-south direction. In the distant future there will be some changes to planned lines along the line. The Mehmet Akif station will allow access to the planned extension of the M7, the Mimar Sinan station to extend the M1B and the Çobançeşme station to the M2. The line will have a total length of 13.4 km with a total of 12 stations.
Construction of the M10 from Pendik to Sabiha Gokcen Airport
This comparatively short line is to connect the YHT and Marmaray train stations in Pendik to Sabiha Gokcen Airport on the Asian side . The line will largely split the tracks of the M4 extension to the airport.
Construction of the M11 from Gayrettepe to Istanbul Airport
This metro is one of the most ambitious lines in recent years, as from 2020 it is supposed to connect the distant new Istanbul airport with the city center and the rest of the metro system. In order to cope with the total length of 37.2 km in ~ 26 minutes, underground trains with max. Operate 120 km / h (instead of the usual 80 km / h). Furthermore, there will only be a total of 9 intermediate stops on this line, of which only two are within the city limits of Istanbul. These two stations will enable a transfer to the rest of the network at Kağıthane station to the M7 and in Gayrettepe to the M2. The actual airport site will have a total of three stations. First the actual main terminal 1 is connected; later the freight terminal and the second passenger terminal, which is in the planning stage. In a further expansion stage, the M11 will be extended from the airport to the YHT and Marmaray train station in Halkali.
Construction of the M12 from Göztepe to Ümraniye
This line is being built on the Asian side and will connect the M5 in Çarşı with the M4 in Yenisahra and the Marmaray station in Göztepe in a north-south direction. The new financial center of Istanbul is currently being built along this metro. The line will have a total length of 13 km with a total of 11 stations.
Planning a line from Bakırköy-İncirli to Beylikdüzü
The tenders for a metro line from Bakırköy-İncirli to Beylikdüzü, a suburb on the western edge of the metropolis, were completed at the end of 2012. The construction of the line was included in the local transport development plan by the city administration. Although the start of construction has not yet been determined, the realization of the route is official. The 25 km route will begin at Bakırköy-İncirli station on the M1 A / M3 . From there, the route will run north of the airport to the Küçükçekmece S-Bahn station and south of Küçükçekmece Lake will follow the D-100 expressway in a north-westerly direction to Beylikdüzü (Tüyap). The line will initially have 17 stations.
Important junctions of the metro and rapid transit lines
| Correspondence stations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Station name | crossing / branching lines | annotation |
| Ulutbatlı-Topkapı / Vatan | M1 A / B ↔ light rail line (Hafif Metro) T4 | |
| Aksaray | M1 A / B ↔ tram line T1 | |
| Yenikapı | M1 A / B ↔ M2 ↔ S-Bahn (Marmaray) | |
| Zeytinburnu | M1 A ↔ tram line T1 | |
| Bağcılar | M1 B ↔ tram line T1 | |
| Otogar | M1 A ↔ M1 B | Branch in south (A) and west (B) |
| Taksim | M2 ↔ tram line T5 ↔ (underground) cable car line F1 | |
| Kirazlı | M1 B ↔ M3 | |
| Sanayi | M2 ↔ M2 | Branch west / north branch |
| Şisli-Mecidiyeköy | M2 ↔ M7 | Completion 2017 |
| İkitelli Sanayi | M3 ↔ M3 | Branch west / north branch |
| Mahmutbey | M3 ↔ M7 | Completion 2017 |
| Kadikoy | M4 ↔ tram line T3 | |
| Ayrılıkçeşme / İbrahimağa | M4 ↔ S-Bahn (Marmaray) | |
| Levent | M2 ↔ M6 | |
| Üsküdar | M5 ↔ S-Bahn (Marmaray) | Completion 2015 |
(Metro / Metro or Metro / other rail systems, without Metrobus)
At some stations, such as B. in Aksaray or Yusufpaşa (M1 / T1 ) or in Ulutbatlı-Topkapı or Vatan (M1 / T4 ) passengers who want to change lines have to walk between the stops of the individual lines. The same applies to the transitions between the Metrobus system and the M1 and M2 metro lines, e.g. B. in Şişli. In the station announcements of the trains, İstanbul Ulaşım recommends that travelers on the T1 going west (airport) and passengers on the M1 who want to continue from the airport with the T1 in the direction of the historic peninsula, change in Zeytinburnu, as the metro and tram are right next to each other hold.
The crossing or meeting lines at the newly emerging and created correspondence stations, e.g. B. Yenikapı, on the other hand, are merged in exactly the same place to make it easier to change trains.
Vehicles and gauge
Vehicle types
Vehicles on lines M1 A and M1 B
Six-axle articulated wagons, which were built by SGP in Graz in the mid-1980s, operate on the M1 A and M1 B lines . They initially operated on the T1 tram line , which went into operation in 1992 , which is why it was equipped with elevated platforms during construction. These vehicles run with overhead lines . Usually three-car trains run. Each articulated trolley has 8 doors, four on each side. The joint above the Jakobs bogie is equipped with a carriage transition. Each articulated car is equipped with only one driver's cab. In contrast to the types of wagons used on the other lines in Istanbul, the SGP articulated wagons have transverse seats in a compartment arrangement. All trains have automated acoustic systems for passenger information. Optical displays about the train location in the network and transfer connections were only retrofitted in a few wagons. However, non-electronic route network plans are available. The trains can reach top speeds of up to 80 km / h.
M1 A train on an above-ground section
M1 A metro train at Zeytinburnu station
Train in Yenikapı station
M2 line vehicles
In addition to French Alstom wagons, Korean Eurotem Hunday Rothem metro train types are used on the M2, although these were manufactured in Adapazari (Turkey). The 124 train units can carry 230,000 passengers a day. The system is fully automated, but can be controlled manually at any time. The trains are supplied with electricity via a busbar on the side, which is painted by pantographs (voltage 750 V DC). The maximum speed is 80 km / h. The wagons are 3.05 meters wide and 21.5 meters long. All wagons have 8 double doors, so that there are 4 openings on each side of each wagon for a quick change of passengers, as well as heating, air conditioning and a video surveillance system.
Alstom metro train on line M2
LED-illuminated station plan in an M2 train
Inside view of a metro car
M3 line vehicles
The M3 is operated with Alstom train sets. It is of the Alstom-Metropolis type. Initially, 80 wagons are available for operation on the route. The trains run in four-car units, so that 20 train teams are in use. Each car has 8 doors. The wagons are connected by transitions so that the trains are continuously accessible for passengers. There is an optical and acoustic system for passenger information. All trains are under video surveillance, which is intended to ensure greater security. The power supply is ensured by a power rail located on the tunnel ceiling (voltage: 1500 V DC). The vehicles are 3.696 meters high and 2.78 meters wide.
M4 line vehicles
The train sets for the M4 were supplied by the manufacturer CAF ; they were developed and manufactured in the city of Beasain in Spain. The contract for the delivery of the trains was signed in 2009. They have been in use on the M4 line since 2012. One of the 90-meter-long train units can carry up to 1,300 passengers. The trains are 3.5 meters high and 3 meters wide. They run in four-car units, with three cars being motorized. The maximum speed of the vehicles is 80 km / h. All 144 trains have a modern train monitoring system, with the help of which the drivers etc. a. the automatic door closing system, the braking system and the traction should be able to see at a glance. Each car has 8 doors, four on each side. The energy is supplied via a power rail (voltage: 1500 V DC), which is located on the tunnel ceiling. An optical and acoustic passenger information system and video surveillance as well as heating and air conditioning were installed.
CAF metro train at Yenisahra M4 station
LED line display above the boarding of an M4 train
Interior of an M4 train
Gauge
The track width on all Istanbul subways - as well as on the tram (except for the meter-gauge T3) and S-Bahn - is 1435 mm ( standard gauge ). This made it possible that the same vehicles could be used on the M1 and the T1 tram line earlier (or until today on the T4).
Station design
The M1 metro stations that were built in the 1980s and 1990s are designed to be very functional. As in many stations that were built during this time, there are fluorescent tubes clad as light sources, tile floors and ceiling cladding made of white plastic ceiling slats. In the case of central platforms, the station structure is supported by angular tiled central columns. This is e.g. B. in Aksaray, Emniyet-Fatih or Topkapı-Ulutbatlı the case. Tile cladding was used to design the walls of the M1 stations built around 2000, such as Bahçelievler or the airport. In the metro station of Ataturk Airport, tile paintings tell the story of the city.
When building the M2 stations between 2000 and 2011, attention was paid to light colors. The basic color of the wall cladding is white. Each station was given its own additional color accents for better recognition, e.g. B. by a colored band in the middle of the station walls. The directional platforms were also structurally more structurally separated in the case of central platforms or round support columns were inserted. Honed stone floors became the standard at almost every metro station on the M2.
On the M4, light colors were used throughout in the station and access areas. As on the M2, a lot of cut stone was used.
Wall painting in Ünalan station on the M4
Underpass in the M4 station Bostancı
Passage at Acıbadem M4 train station
The M4 metro station Bostancı
Access to Levent metro station
Platform access with ticket locks on the distribution floor at the M2 Şişli-Mecidiyeköy station
business
Operating company
The operating company of the metro is İstanbul Ulaşım (Istanbul Verkehr) , a municipal company that is wholly owned by the public sector. In addition to the metro, İstanbul Ulaşım also operates some tram and cable car lines. The company exists alongside several public and private transport companies, v. a. the urban İETT , which maintains the transcontinental Metrobüs express bus lines, the city bus lines and trams, as well as the city ferries, the minibus lines (Dolmuş) , the state railway TCDD as operator of the S-Bahn and most recently the Özel Halk Otobüsleri (private people's buses) . However, there is a tariff association and the tickets are valid on all means of transport except minibuses.
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With its lines, İstanbul Ulaşım transports 1,100,000 passengers every day and the number is rising. Since November 2007 the engineer Ömer Yıldız has been the company's general director. Under his leadership, the organizational structure of İstanbul Ulaşım is divided into two main departments, which differ in the areas of operation and technical matters on the one hand and finance and administration on the other. These each maintain several sub-departments, responsible u. a. for planning and construction projects, security, systems and the rail transport modes metro, light rail and tram.
Operating times
The subways run from approximately 6:00 a.m. to between 0:30 a.m. and 1:00 a.m. Every 5 minutes is reached during peak times. In the late evening and night hours, the operation is reduced to a 10-minute cycle. The last M1 A train from Ataturk Airport in the direction of the center leaves the airport station at 1:00 a.m.
Rates
For each trip, special tokens must be purchased and placed in the slot at the locks so that the barriers or turnstiles are unlocked for the person paying. A token costs 4.00 TL . There are two, three, five and ten tickets with a corresponding discount system. When changing, you have to pay again when using single tickets. However, it is cheaper to buy the first change than when you start your journey, and then the third change is again given a discount.
Frequent travelers can buy a so-called Akbil pass. Akbil is an acronym from "akıllı" (Turkish. Smart) and "bilet" (Turkish. Ticket). The Akbil is an electronic payment system that reduces the price per trip by 1.05 TL to 1.95 TL. The Akbil, which is available at the customer centers of the transport companies, is issued against a deposit of 6 TL and can be topped up with a maximum of 150 TL. The top-up can be done at ticket machines (minimum TL 5.00) or by employees of Istanbul Ulasim at the counter. The then reduced fare is debited electronically by holding the Akbil chip to the sensor of the ticket lock when entering the metro station (or tram and tram or when boarding the bus).
In addition, an electronic debiting system with the Istanbulkart has been set up. In addition to the version of the card available to all passengers, there are also three discount cards: First, the Mavikart (blue card), which is a monthly card, second, teacher, pensioner and student cards and, third, a free card for state employees such as police officers, civil servants and postmen within the Execution of their service. Fares are debited electronically by contactless readers when they pass through the block. A payment with the card on a reader on ticket locks or in city buses allows passengers to change five times within two hours between the lines of all means of transport from Istanbul Ulasim. The card replaces cash transactions in all modes of transport (city bus, tram, metro, light rail, cable cars, suburban trains and ferries). It costs 10 TL deposit and can be topped up with a maximum of 150 TL and is available in customer centers of the transport companies.
Certain groups of people such as B. Pensioners, civil servants and schoolchildren receive special benefits. You pay 1.00 TL per trip.
safety
All stations are manned by employees of a private security service or contact persons from the transport companies at the ticket locks. The station and train areas are under video surveillance. Larger pieces of luggage are randomly screened at the metro stations - similar to Turkish shopping malls - before passing the ticket block. Smoking is prohibited in the entire track, station and train area. Leashed dogs are also not allowed. Fire protection facilities are also located at all metro stations. The lines are earthquake-proof up to a thickness of 9. In the event of any loss of valuables, there is a lost and found office ('Kayıp Eşya') at Zeytinburnu station on the M1 and at each station on the M2 and M4.
See also
- Local transport operator İETT
- Local transport operator Istanbul Ulasim
- Metrobus Istanbul
- Istanbul S-Bahn and Marmaray project
- underground funicular line F1
- Tünelbahn
- Tram line T1
- Light rail line T4
Web links
- The Istanbul Metro at urbanrail.net
- İstanbul Ulaşım accessed on August 22, 2012
- Official network map İstanbul Ulaşım, accessed on August 22, 2012
- M5 History (Accessed September 2, 2012)
- Ride in an M2 train on Youtube (accessed on September 20, 2012)
- http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/metros/contract-awarded-for-istanbul-line-m4-extension.html?channel=525
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g http://www.urbanrail.net/as/tr/istanbul/istanbul.htm
- ↑ http://www.istanbul-ulasim.com.tr/hakk%C4%B1m%C4%B1zda/haberler/ba%C5%9Fak%C5%9Fehir-olimpiyatk%C3%B6y-kirazl%C4%B1-metrosu -% 28m3% 29-ve-otogar-ba% C4% 9Fc% C4% B1lar-kirazl% C4% B1-% 28m1b% 29-uzatmas% C4% B1-14062013-cuma-g% C3% BCn% C3% BC -saat-1500% E2% 80% 99da-yolculu-i% C5% 9Fletmeye-a% C3% A7% C4% B1lacakt% C4% B1r-% 282% 29.aspx
- ↑ http://www.emlakwebtv.com/haber/11854/aksaray-yenikapi-metro-baglantisi-agustos-ta-aciliyor
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from April 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ M1 Metro Istanbul (Turkish) ( Memento of the original dated February 7, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.urbanrail.net/as/tr/istanbul/istanbul-map.htm
- ↑ http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/istanbul-opens-metro-m1b-extension.html
- ^ Railway Gazette, April 20, 2015: Istanbul opens Line M6
- ↑ http://www.istanbulunmetrosu.com/brosur.html
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from June 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Her Yerde Metro, Metro Her Yere (2013). Istanbul'un Metrosu Broşür. İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi, p. 21 f.
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from June 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.rayturk.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/geneleski.jpg
- ↑ http://www.uskudar34.com/resimler/5D3_deniz-altinda-2-metro-hatti-birlestirilebilir-mi-buyuk.jpg
- ↑ http://emlakfocus.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/istanbul-meto-haritasi-2014-2015-2016-2017-2018-2019-600x360.jpg
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from March 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-to-get-new-mini-metro-system-.aspx?pageID=238&nid=12648
- ↑ http://kagithane.986515.n3.nabble.com/file/n2652408/metro0.jpg
- ↑ http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4080/4777282770_cc5cb2ba41_o.jpg
- ↑ http://www.ibb.gov.tr/tr-TR/Pages/Haber.aspx?NewsID=21328#.Ujd1-H8wCKw
- ↑ http://www.haberler.com/basbakan-erdogan-mecidiyekoy-mahmutbey-metro-hatti-5649558-haberi/
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from June 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.rayturk.net/mecidiyekoy-mahmutbey-metro-hatti-17-5-km-uzunlugunda-olacak.html
- ↑ Şişli-Kağıthane-Eyüp-Gaziosmanpaşa-Esenler-Bağcılar
- ^ Onur Uysal: Bostanci-Dudullu metro (M8). In: Rail Turkey En. January 15, 2019, accessed on November 27, 2019 .
- ↑ ATAKOY - IKITELLI METRO LINE. Retrieved November 27, 2019 .
- ↑ M10 Pendik-SGH Metro hattı, Pendik-Hastane etabı ne zaman açılacak? Retrieved November 27, 2019 (Turkish).
- ↑ Onur Uysal: Gayrettepe-Istanbul Airport metro (M11). In: Rail Turkey En. March 9, 2018, accessed on November 27, 2019 .
- ↑ Onur Uysal: Umraniye-Atasehir-Goztepe metro (M12). In: Rail Turkey En. June 16, 2016, accessed on November 27, 2019 .
- ↑ http://www.emlakkulisi.com/kent-haberleri/bakirkoy-beylikduzu-metrosu-silivriye-uzanacak-istanbul-tuyapta-bulusacak/123833
- ↑ http://www.ibb.gov.tr/tr-TR/kurumsal/Birimler/UlasimGenelSekreterYrd/Documents/raylisistemler/popup2.htm
- ↑ http://www.istanbul-ulasim.com.tr/rayl%C4%B1-sistemler/planlanan-hatlar.aspx
- ↑ http://raylisistem.blogspot.de/2009/12/yenikap-metro-istasyonu-20-m-derinlikte.html
- ↑ http://www.bahnforum.info/smf/index.php?topic=28210.msg311110#msg311110
- ↑ M2 Metro Istanbul (Turkish) ( Memento of the original from September 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.metrotram.it/index.php?vmcity=ISTANBUL-M2&ind=0&num=3&lang=eng&vmsys=met
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from June 26, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.istanbul-ulasim.com.tr/railway-systems/m3-basaksehir-olimpiyatkoy.aspx
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from January 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.alstom.com/Global/Transport/Resources/Documents/Brochure%20-%20Rolling%20Stock%20-%20Metropolis%20Metro%20-%20English%20.pdf
- ↑ http://www.caf.es/de/productos-servicios/proyectos/proyecto-detalle.php?p=64
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.istanbul-ulasim.com.tr/railway-systems/m4-kadikoy-kartal.aspx
- ↑ http://www.caf.es/de/productos-servicios/proyectos/proyecto-detalle.php?p=64
- ↑ http://www.grupteknik.com.tr/files/%25C4%25B0stanbul-lrts-projesi-bah%25C3%25A7elievler-metro-%25C4%25B0stasyonu.jpg ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.istanbul-ulasim.com.tr/about-us/introduction.aspx
- ↑ http://www.istanbul-ulasim.com.tr/about-us/ridership-statistics.aspx
- ↑ http://www.istanbul-ulasim.com.tr/about-us/organization-chart.aspx
- ↑ http://www.turkeytravelplanner.com/go/Istanbul/Transport/IstanbulMetro.html
- ↑ http://www.iett.gov.tr/en/main/pages/public-transport-fare-schedule/317
- ↑ http://www.iett.gov.tr/en/main/pages/public-transport-fare-schedule/317
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from September 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.istanbul-ulasim.com.tr/yolcu-hizmetleri/seyahat-kartlar%C4%B1.aspx
- ↑ http://www.istanbul-ulasim.com.tr/yolcu-hizmetleri/yolcu-g%C3%BCvenli%C4%9Fi.aspx
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated December 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
swell
Written sources:
- Her Yerde Metro, Her Yere Metro (2013). Istanbul'un Metrosu Broşür. İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi.
Electronic sources:
- Raytürk http://www.rayturk.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/geneleski.jpg
- Istanbul City Council http://www.ibb.gov.tr/tr-TR/SubSites/raylisistemler/Pages/kadikoy-kartal120.aspx
- Istanbul Ulasim Transport Company (fares August 2012) http://www.istanbul-ulasim.com.tr/yolcu-hizmetleri/seyahat-kartlar%C4%B1.aspx
- Istanbul Ulasim Transport Company (reduced fares) http://www.istanbul-ulasim.com.tr/yolcu-hizmetleri/seyahat-kartlar%C4%B1.aspx
- Istanbul Ulasim Transport Company http://www.istanbul-ulasim.com.tr/media/8297/cep_haritasi.jpg
- Urbanrail.net http://www.urbanrail.net/as/tr/istanbul/istanbul.htm