Istanbul suburban train
| İstanbul Banliyö Trenleri S-Bahn Istanbul |
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The İstanbul Banliyö Trenleri (in German also: S-Bahn Istanbul , but literally translated: “Istanbul suburban trains”) are the S-Bahn system of the Turkish metropolis of 15 million, Istanbul . Together with the subway lines of the Istanbul Metro and the tram lines ( Tramvay ), the light rail , the ferries, the metrobus and the urban bus system, the suburban trains running along the coast represent the backbone of the rail-bound local public transport in Istanbul western and eastern suburbs and districts with the city center on the European and Asian sides of Istanbul.
On October 29, 2013, with the opening of the Marmaray Tunnel, an intercontinental connection of the S-Bahn lines under the Bosporus was opened. This created the world's first intercontinental S-Bahn line. Until 2013, trains ended at Sirkeci station in Europe and at Haydarpaşa station on the Asian side . At both terminal stations there was a connection to the long-distance railway traffic of the Turkish state railway company TCDD , which also operates the S-Bahn, as well as to other urban modes of transport. Due to the modernization of the platforms at the stations, S-Bahn traffic on the Asian side of the city east of Ayrilikçeşme was suspended until 2019. On the European bank, the stations west of Kazlıçeşme were not served.
Restrictions on the Istanbul S-Bahn service due to the expansion of the Marmaray project from October 29, 2013
Due to construction work (platform conversions, track works, etc.) in the course of the Marmaray construction project, there were operational restrictions in the S-Bahn service between Kazlıçeşme and Halkalı in the west and east of the Ayrılıkçeşme station from the end of October 2013 . Operations on these sections of the route were temporarily completely paralyzed. The former section from Ayrılıkçeşme to Haydarpaşa is permanently closed. In the entire network, to the west of the Yedikule station and south-east of the newly built Ayrılıkçeşme S-Bahn station, 40 stations were relocated, or newly built or expanded, seven of them with intercity stops; three new tunnel stations were built on the historic peninsula east of Yedikule. The tunnel connection between Europe and Asia was open for passenger transport and not affected by the restrictions.
history
In 1955 the first S-Bahn line (B1 until October 2013) was opened on the European side of the city, which was also the first project of the 50 Hz working group . Since then she has been using the long-distance railway line from Halkalı to Edirne and to the European railway network. In 1969 the second S-Bahn line (B2 until October 2013) was opened from Haydarpaşa, the departure station of the Baghdad Railway . The second route became necessary because from the late 1960s onwards more and more suburbs emerged on its route in a south-easterly direction along the coast, which had to be connected to the European side of the city via a powerful connection to the ferries, as a daily flow of commuters to the European side exceeded the capacity of the two Bosphorus bridges.
Line network
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- Current line network
| line | route | length | Train stations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marmaray | Halkalı ↔ Gebze | 76.6 km | 43, 4 of which are underground |
- Situation before October 29, 2013
The two lines B1 and B2 before October 29, 2013; '' B '' stands for '' Banliyö trenı '':
| line | route | length | Train stations | Comments on the planning and expansion status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B1 | Halkalı ↔ Sirkeci (Istanbul Central Station, Europe) | 30 km | 18th | underground connection from Yenikapı / Sirkeci to the Marmaray tunnel under construction (completion on October 29, 2013) |
| B2 | Haydarpaşa (Istanbul Central Station, Asia) ↔ Gebze | 44 km | 28 | Connection to the Marmaray tunnel under construction (completion on October 29, 2013) |
After the completion of the Marmaray Tunnel, the route between Kazlıçeşme (Europe) and Ayrilikçeşme / İbrahimağa (Asia) was initially only used by S-Bahn trains - and thus without mixed traffic with long-distance trains - in the 13.4 km long Bosporus Tunnel. To the west and east of these stations, the S-Bahn was interrupted until the completion of the modernization conversion of the 60 km long outer branches.
- Situation between October 29, 2013 and March 11, 2019
On October 29, 2013, the S-Bahn began operating between the stations Kazlıçeşme in the west and Ayrilikçeşme / İbrahimağa in the east. East of the above-ground Kazlıçeşme station, the trains run into the Marmaray tunnel. On the European side, the tunnel stations Yenikapı and Sirkeci were approached first. In Yenikapı there is a connection to the subway lines M1 A , M1 B and M2 of the Istanbul Metro . In Sirkeci you can change to the T1 tram , which connects the Kabataş ferry terminal with the historic peninsula and Zeytinburnu. From here, the S-Bahn crosses the Bosphorus in the tunnels on the seabed and reaches the Üsküdar station on the Asian side, where the M5 metro line, which opened in 2017, was also being built. At the provisional terminus Ayrilikçeşme there is already an option to change to the M4 metro line . The Üsküdar and Ayrilikçeşme stations are also tunnel stations.
| line | route | length | Train stations | Comments on the planning and expansion status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marmaray | Kazlıçeşme ↔ Ayrilikçeşme | 13.6 km | 5, including 4 underground | Modernization of the existing lines in the west (formerly B1) and east (formerly B2) to S-Bahn standard under construction |
Transfer relationships to other modes of transport
| Correspondence stations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Station name | crossing lines | annotation |
| Küçükçekmece | Marmaray ↔ planned metro line M8 | planned |
| Bakırköy | Marmaray ↔ planned metro line M3 to be extended to Bakırköy | planned |
| Yenikapı | Marmaray ↔ Metro lines M1 A / B and M2 | |
| Sirkeci | Marmaray ↔ tram line T1 and ferry services | |
| Ayrılıkçeşme / İbrahimağa | Marmaray ↔ Metro line M4 | |
| Üsküdar | Marmaray ↔ Metro line M5 | |
Operating times and cycle intervals
Until Marmaray opened, the S-Bahn trains ran three to four times an hour in each direction, i.e. at intervals of 15 to 20 minutes. The first trains of the day left the terminal stations around 5:30 a.m. The last trains left the end stations at around midnight, so that the S-Bahn service in the entire network ended at around 1 a.m. Once the construction work in the S-Bahn area has been completed, the S-Bahn trains will be able to run every 2 minutes. From November 2013 to 2015 the trains commute through the Marmaray tunnel every ten minutes, and during rush hour every seven minutes.
Rates
The train is in the Istanbul public transport fare system built in, so for operated by the State Railways TCDD suburban trains are the same tickets and fares as for those of urban transport companies Istanbul ulaşım , İETT , Şehir Hatları and İstanbul Deniz Otobüsleri maintained transport .
A single trip costs 3 TL for adults regardless of the distance covered . With the Akbil pass, an electronically rechargeable “pre-paid” memory chip, the fare is reduced by 1.05 TL to 1.95 TL. In addition, monthly subscriptions are available for 70 TL. Government employees, pensioners, pupils and students receive discounts. It is not possible to validate or pay within the trains. Outside the ticket gates, the station S are located at each of the entrances to the platforms, there are ticket counters, or automatic systems .
Technical specifications
Energy supply and gauge
As with the metro, light rail and tram (except for the meter-gauge line T3), the track width in the S-Bahn system is 1435 mm ( standard gauge ). The energy is supplied via a catenary system with 25 kV alternating current.
Vehicle material
The first vehicles were the E8000 series multiple units built by the 50 Hz consortium , 18 of which were delivered in 1955. 12 other trains of this series were delivered from 1962 to 1963. This series was retired in 2011.
In 1979, Tüvasaş in Turkey built multiple units of the E14000 series , which were decommissioned with the completion of the Marmaray project.
As part of the Marmaray project, 20 five- and 34 ten-car multiple units were purchased for local transport, which were supplied by the Korean company Hyundai Rotem . Identical vehicles are also used in Izmir and Ankara . The vehicles are 3 m wide; a ten-car train is 220 m long and can carry up to 3040 people. For this high capacity and a quick change of passengers, the cars have five double doors on each side and wide standing areas, but only relatively few seats. The car bodies are welded constructions made of stainless steel and designed for a durability of 50 years.
Transport infrastructure
As in many German S-Bahn systems, the Istanbul S-Bahn - unlike the Metro - is not a completely separate system from other rail transport. It shares the tracks in sections with other rail traffic. Nevertheless, the S-Bahn trains represent the largest proportion of the traffic volume on the jointly used track systems in relation to other passenger trains in InterCity and long-distance traffic. Stepless boarding is possible thanks to high platforms at all access points.
Significance of the Marmaray project for the S-Bahn mode of transport
Until October 2013, the inner-city high-speed rail networks in the European and Asian parts of Istanbul were separated from each other by the Bosporus . Transcontinental connections between the city's local rail networks were made by city buses, the metrobus and the ferries. With the coupling of the two S-Bahn lines, the first high-performance rapid-transit railway connection between the two halves of the city was implemented, which is intended to noticeably facilitate and reduce the daily (professional) commuter flow. The trains connect Europe with Asia every 4 minutes in the 13.6 km long railway tunnel. 1.4 km of the tunnel lie on the bottom of the Bosporus. The attractiveness of the S-Bahn mode of transport is to increase significantly by shortening the travel time by 56 minutes (compared to the ferry) in Istanbul, as there are numerous bus lines on the one hand, and the T1 tram line , which is important for the development of the historic peninsula and the western suburbs, and the metro lines on the other from 2014 transfer stations to the S-Bahn route will be preserved. This will give the metro lines an even more important feeder function to the then transcontinental S-Bahn system, which will remain the only high-speed rail connection between the two halves of the city for the time being.
Transport volume
- Transport capacity of lines B1 and B2 before the opening of the Marmaray project
The journey on the B1 line takes 47 minutes from Halkalı to Sirkeci. On the B2, the trains from Haydarpaşa to Gebze take 65 minutes. 110,000 passengers use the S-Bahn every day.
- Transport volume on the Marmaray Line
Up to 75,000 travelers per hour can be transported through the tunnel by S-Bahn in each direction.
swell
- ↑ - ( Memento of the original from February 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Oliver Abraham: "MarmaRay": The super tunnel between Orient and Occident. In: welt.de . April 27, 2013, accessed October 7, 2018 .
- ↑ Amandus Jäger: Business. In: ajaeger.ch. Retrieved April 10, 2016 .
- ↑ http://www.tagesspiegel.de/weltspiegel/jahrhundprojekt-in-der-tuerkei-tunnel-fuer-zwei-kontektiven/8991604.html
- ↑ http://www.tcdd.gov.tr/upload/Files/ContentFiles/2010/istanbul-banliyosu/halist.htm
- ↑ http://www.tcdd.gov.tr/Upload/Files/ContentFiles/2010/istanbul-banliyosu/isthal.htm
- ↑ http://www.tcdd.gov.tr/home/detail/?id=232
- ↑ http://www.tcdd.gov.tr/home/detail/?id=232
- ↑ - ( Memento of the original from March 25, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://wowturkey.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=40211&start=20
- ↑ http://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.marmaray-bahnstrecke-ein-supertunnel-unter-dem-bosporus.9a078d17-944f-4fad-b807-2f41735f21d3.html
- ↑ http://www.tcdd.gov.tr/Upload/Files/ContentFiles/2010/istatistik/20062010yillik.pdf (PDF; 9.0 MB)
- ↑ http://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.marmaray-bahnstrecke-ein-supertunnel-unter-dem-bosporus.9a078d17-944f-4fad-b807-2f41735f21d3.html
