Metrobus Istanbul
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| Basic information | |
| Country | Turkey |
| city | Istanbul |
| opening | September 17, 2007 |
| operator | İETT |
| Infrastructure | |
| Route length | 50.5 km |
| Stops | 45 |
| business | |
| Lines | 7th |
| Clock in the peak hours | 45 seconds |
| Clock in the SVZ | 5 minutes |
| Cruising speed | 44 km / h |
| vehicles | 410 |
| statistics | |
| Reference year | 2012 |
| Passengers | 204 million / year |
| Mileage | 138,000 km / day 3,500 journeys / day |
| Employee | 653 drivers |
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Metrobüs is the name of the Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT) set up in Istanbul . The name Metrobüs was chosen by the urban transport company İETT to show that the system is a mixture of metro and bus ( Turkish otobüs ).
Around 800,000 people use the Metrobus every day. Together with the Istanbul Metro , the suburban train lines , the Bosporus ferries and the tram, it forms the backbone of Istanbul's local traffic. In addition to the Marmaray project, i.e. the connection of the two suburban routes under the Bosphorus, it is the only direct high-speed connection between the European and Asian parts of the city without having to switch to the ferry.
The route opened in 2007 essentially follows the inner ring road O-1 . The buses run on their own route between the actual lanes of the city motorway. The only exception to this is the approximately 2.7 km long section over the Bridge of the Martyrs of July 15 , where buses have to be part of general road traffic.
history
The first concepts for setting up a BRT system were presented to the city administration in 2004 at the latest. Construction of the line then began in 2005. On September 17, 2007, the first 18.2 kilometer section from Avcılar (İÜ Kampüsü) to Topkapı was put into operation. On September 8, 2008 it was extended to the east by 10.5 kilometers to Zincirlikuyu , then on March 3, 2009 by 11.2 kilometers to today's eastern terminus Söğütlüçeşme . On July 19, 2012, the route was extended for the last time so far, by 9.7 kilometers to the west to today's western terminus Gürpınar (Tüyap Fuar Merkezi) in the Beylikdüzü district .
With this last extension, the metro bus system should reach a daily passenger number of one million passengers.
At the beginning of 2009, the Istanbul city council received an honorary award for soft mobility for the Metrobüs at the Sustainable Transport Awards , which recognize projects that reduce greenhouse gases and improve the quality of life in large metropolises .
route
The route starts on the European side of Istanbul at the Gürpınar stop (Tüyap Fuar Merkezi) . It then leads in a semicircle for more than 50 kilometers around the actual urban area of Istanbul, crossing the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus. On the Asian side of Istanbul, it leads to the Söğütlüçeşme terminus . The Metrobüs serves 45 stops , 38 of which are on the European and seven on the Asian side. An eastern extension of the route to Göztepe is being planned.
The investments for the route amounted to 366 million US dollars for the infrastructure and 200 million US dollars for the approximately 300 vehicles . 800,000 people are transported on the route on weekdays.
The metro bus route in Istanbul has been specially developed to speed up bus traffic. The special thing about the route is that it is mostly operated in left-hand traffic on a special lane between the actual lanes. This is structurally separated from the regular directional lanes by walls or guard rails. The reason for left-hand traffic is that space is a scarce resource in the middle of the multi-lane city motorway, so only one bus platform was built in the middle. Since the doors on the vehicles are on the right, two bus platforms would otherwise have to be built for operation in right-hand traffic. In this way, the bus platforms can be used in both directions , similar to central platforms . The central position also has the advantage that fewer stairs have to be built for the entrances.
Since almost all lines do not serve the whole route, intermediate terminals are necessary in addition to the regular stops. These are designed differently:
- At the former terminus in Avcılar (İÜ Kampüsü) , the route threaded out over a bridge. Since the extension of the route to Gürpinar, another lane has dived into a ditch from both directions between the through lanes, from which it is possible to turn under the northern lane of the city motorway into the terminus of lines 34, 34B and 34T north of the route.
- Behind the Cevizlibağ AÖY stop , the ending buses of line 34A are directed through a short tunnel into a junction of the motorway, whose entrance and exit ramps are then used to turn around.
- At the Topkapı stop , a turning loop was built on stilts so that the 34T buses can use the space above the city motorway to turn around.
- Behind the Maltepe stop , the 34C buses descend into a connecting tunnel, which forms part of the access to the depot of the Metrobüs system, in which it is then turned. The connecting tunnel itself is located under the Adnan Menderes Bulvarı stop , under which it splits so that the Metrobüs route can be driven up and down in both directions.
- The Zincirlikuyu stop is located in the middle of a motorway junction . Here, in the interior of the indirect connecting ramps, separate lanes have been created for the metro bus, which are also used by lines 34 and 34Z for turning.
Access to Metrobüs is the passengers on Pedestrian overpass or underpasses with stairs (and in some cases escalators) enabled. There are also elevator constructions . In contrast to the public overpasses and underpasses, the direct entrances are provided with the turnstiles and ticket barriers that are common in Istanbul at underground and tram entrances . These can be passed after inserting special tokens or stopping the Istanbulkart or Akbil pass at the sensors.
business
Seven different lines operate on the Metrobüs route, each serving all the stops in their section.
The root designation for all Metrobüs lines is the number 34, which can then be found in lines 34, 34A, 34B, 34C, 34G, 34T and 34Z. The 34 is not a random line name, but a special number for Istanbul, as it is the provincial number of the city that is used in the license plates and also in the postcodes . Symbolically, there is also the fact that the '34 lines' connect the two halves of the city, which are otherwise separated by the Bosphorus.
The individual lines operate as follows:
Line 34G, which serves the entire route, runs only irregularly and rarely, mainly in night traffic . Line 34A only runs during rush hour (5–9 a.m. and 4–7 p.m.) on working days , but then at very frequent intervals . Otherwise the line designation 34A is also used for irregularly running reinforcement courses on various sections of the route.
The frequency of use in each direction on the individual lines is as follows:
| line | Route section | Number of stops |
Rides / day Monday to Friday |
Trips / day Saturday |
Trips / day Sunday and public holidays |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 34 | Avcılar - Zincirlikuyu | 27 | 1,204 | 1,154 | 938 |
| 34B | Gürpınar - Avcılar | 12 | 565 | 513 | - |
| 34Z | Zincirlikuyu - Söğütlüçeşme | 8th | 875 | 640 | 467 |
| 34T | Avcılar - Topkapı | 16 | 60 | 78 | - |
| 34C | Gürpınar - Maltepe | 28 | 193 | 169 | 306 |
| 34A | Cevizlibağ - Söğütlüçeşme | 20th | 224 | 211 | 227 |
| 34G | Gürpınar - Söğütlüçeşme | 45 | 19th | 28 | 30th |
| total | 3,140 | 2,793 | 1,968 | ||
The highest clock frequency in the metro bus system is 25 to 50 seconds on weekdays during peak hours and two to ten minutes on Sundays and public holidays during night traffic between 1:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. This means that the metro bus already has the same cycle sequence in off-peak times as the urban high-speed train systems in times of normal traffic. During normal traffic times, the metro bus cycle is one of the densest that can be found in an urban transport system.
Since there can always be slight delays (for example due to a long-lasting change of passengers at a bus stop or a slightly different acceleration behavior of the buses), there are often crowds at the bus stops. Thus, the observer often gets the impression that the system would even be operated with a cycle time of less than 25 seconds.
vehicles
Up to 400 buses were used on the lines of the Metrobüs route in 2011. As a rule, special vehicles purchased for the route are used, which are designed as articulated and double articulated buses . Regular green IETT-buses come to the Metrobüs- courses , however, only in exceptional cases used.
The metrobus fleet is shown in detail as follows:
| Vehicle type | Number of vehicles |
Passenger capacity |
seat number |
Length in meters | Number of axles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercedes-Benz Citaro O 530G | 100 | 150 | 42 | 18.00 | 3 |
| Mercedes-Benz CapaCity | 250 | 193 | 42 | 19.54 | 4th |
| Phileas double articulated buses | 50 | 230 | 52 | 26.00 | 4th |
| Mercedes-Benz Conecto O 345G | 60 | 166 | 48 | 18.00 | 3 |
The Phileas double articulated buses are said to cause problems again and again because they are not sufficiently motorized and therefore it is difficult to carry large numbers of passengers up the steep climbs typical of Istanbul . The buses usually have to carry significantly more passengers than designed by the manufacturer. In fact, there were frequent breakdowns and operational disruptions in the Phileas fleet , which were exacerbated by the one-way lanes on the metrobus line. The route is blocked by a defective vehicle and thus causes delays in the vehicles following it , which is why the Phileas buses are rarely used.
In 2010, the operator İETT finally brought the manufacturer of the Phileas buses APTS to court because of the defects in the vehicles. The dispute concerned, among other things, the following points: Defects in the differential gear and the control , excessive tire wear , cracks in the chassis , failures of the air conditioning system , premature wear of the brake shoes and oil and air leaks . In November 2010 the city administration initiated a fundamental review of the contracts with APTS with the aim of dissolving them.
The Phileas buses are basically designed to be operated with an electronic lane guidance system. However, İETT is currently not making use of this option.
See also
Web links
- YouTube : Ride on the metro bus route
- wowturkey.com : Metrobüs forum (in Turkish)
- Metrobüs page of the İETT
- Metrobüs information brochure (PDF; 1.6 MB) by Esat Tanören
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b In the heaviest traffic section Avcilar - Zincirlikuyu according to the timetable details on the İETT website (accessed on August 22, 2012).
- ↑ İETT (PDF; 1.6 MB): 2012 Faaliyet Raporu (accessed April 17, 2013).
- ↑ a b Status 2011 according to İETT (PDF; 6.4 MB): 2011 Faaliyet Raporu (accessed April 17, 2013). The Avcılar - Gürpınar section was not yet open at the time the report was published.
- ↑ omnibusarchiv.de : BRT in Istanbul: Mercedes-Benz CapaCity as a comfortable express bus with high capacity, effective and popular (published on August 22, 2009, accessed on August 23, 2012)
- ↑ EMBARQ ( Memento of the original from November 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : Istanbul - Metrobus - A Solution That Scales (accessed August 27, 2012)
- ↑ MTV MSNBC : Metrobüs ilk deneme seferini yaptı (accessed on January 6, 2011)
- ↑ ITDP ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : 2009 Honorable Mention (published January 22, 2009, accessed August 27, 2012)
- ↑ İETT ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : Metrobüs Genel Bilgi
- ↑ Paths to Success . In: Omnibusspiegel , Heft 12-4, pp. 10-14, 34th year, Verlag Dieter Hanke, Bonn 2012, ISSN 0724-7664
- ↑ A more detailed overview of the situation at hand is provided by an illustration in this brochure (published on November 27, 2011, accessed on January 16, 2013; PDF; 1.6 MB)
- ↑ a b c Timetable details on the İETT website (accessed on August 22, 2012)
- ↑ istanbululasim.net (accessed June 30, 2009)
- ↑ Calculated from the timetable details for the '34 lines' on the İETT website , accessed on August 22, 2012
- ↑ a b İETT ( Memento of the original from November 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : 2012 Performans Programı, p. 21 (accessed on August 29, 2012)
- ↑ Mümin Kahveci ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : İstanbul Ulaşımında Metrobüs Uygulaması (published on November 28, 2012, accessed on January 19, 2013)
- ^ Hürriyet : Expensive buses head to the garage (accessed April 21, 2009)
- ↑ Hürriyet Daily News : Happy with Metrobus, when there is no better alternative (published July 22, 2009, accessed November 5, 2011)
- ↑ Yerel Haber : Phileas'lar mahkemelik oldu (accessed on October 9, 2010)
- ↑ busportal.cz: metrobusů Phileas pro Istanbul (published on December 7, 2007, accessed on November 5, 2011)
