M1 (Istanbul Metro)
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The 23-station line M1 of the Istanbul Metro is operated by the Istanbul local transport company İstanbul Ulaşım and serves several parts of the city to the west from the historic city center of Istanbul . Today's line M1ᴀ connects Istanbul Ataturk Airport with the Aksaray district and the Yenikapı S-Bahn station and ferry transfer port over a length of 20.3 km . The west branch M1ʙ has an additional length of 5.8 km and has five stations, four of which are in the tunnel.
history
The growing population of Istanbul and the associated settlement areas, which are constantly growing towards the outside, mean that the existing bus system is increasingly reaching its limits in terms of capacity and travel times. The city no longer had an efficient express transport system until the opening of the M1 line. The previously existing tram network was finally shut down in 1969, so that the Tünel (a funicular railway running in the tunnel ) was the only remaining, electrically operated public transport . The M1 line was a first step towards the modern high-speed rail system urgently needed by Istanbul for transporting large numbers of passengers.
On September 3, 1989, the M1 was opened on the 8.5 km long route from Aksaray to Kocatepe. It was thus the first rapid transit line in Turkey and marked the beginning of the development of modern public transport systems in Turkish cities. In December of the same year the line was extended to Esenler, where the Esenler bus station was opened in 1994 . In the years 1994, 1995 and 1999 further expansion stages followed until the current end point at Istanbul-Ataturk Airport was reached in 2002 .
The M1 line was initially not referred to as the ' Metro ' line, but rather as the ' Hafif Metro ' (German 'Leicht-U-Bahn'), as Istanbul initially had a light rail system such as B. was planned in Cologne or Stuttgart . From the beginning, however, the M1 was built as a fully-fledged subway with its own track structure without points of contact with road or other rail traffic, so that it was finally given the term 'Metro'. The original conception as 'Hafif Metro' can still be recognized by the fact that in 2007 an actual 'Hafif Metro' under the line designation T4 between Topkapı and Sultançiftliği, with which the M1 shares the trains, some of which are of the same type. The designations with the letters 'M' (Metro) on the M1 and 'T' (Tramvay, German tram or tram) on the T4 in front of the line numbers are not derived from the vehicle material used, but from the different development status of the routes.
The M1 is shown on the Istanbul Ulasim network plans with the identification color red.
Vehicles and technology
The gauge on the M1, like on all other Istanbul subway lines, is 1435 mm ( standard gauge ). Unlike conventional subways, the M1 draws its power from an overhead line . The route was designed as part of the originally planned urban railway concept so that the vehicles used can also be used on the T1 and T4 lines. The vehicles were built by SGP in Graz in the mid-1980s . A train consists of three coupled double cars.
course
Joint route of the lines M1ᴀ and M1ʙ from Yenikapı to Otogar
The M1 line begins at the underground Yenikapı station and runs underground to Aksaray on the western edge of the historic old town. There is a possibility to change to the tram line T1 within walking distance . As far as the Topkapı-Ulutbatlı station, where you can change to the Vatan station on the T4 light rail line , the route runs below the Adnan-Menderes Boulevard in a north-westerly direction. At the Kocatepe station, the route bends to the southwest. At Otogar station, the M1 branches off into two branches to the south (M1ᴀ) and west (M1ʙ).
Further course of the line M1ᴀ
The south branch then continues to the exhibition center and Ataturk Airport . He passes the Zeytinburnu transfer station, which enables another transition to the T1 tram line. The Bahçelievler and Havalimani (= airport) stations in the further course were built underground.
Further course of the line M1ʙ
The western branch initially runs above ground to Esenler and then flows into a tunnel in front of the Menderes station. The rest of the way to the terminus in Kirazlı, where you can change to the M3 metro line , is completely underground. In Bağcilar you can change to the T1 tram line .
meaning
| Line M1 in data | |
|---|---|
| length | 26 km |
| Stations | 23 (18 on M1ᴀ & 13 on M1ʙ) |
| of which underground | 14th |
| Access | Barrier |
| operator | Istanbul Ulasim |
| Installation | 1989 |
| Terminals | (M1ᴀ) Yenikapı - Ataturk Havalimanı (M1ʙ) Yenikapı - Kirazlı |
| 24 hour operation | no (6:00 a.m. - 12:30 a.m.) |
| shortest cycle | 5 minutes |
The M1 forms an important connection line for traffic in Istanbul . On their route there are not only a few transfer stations (including in Merter, Bahçelievler and Ataköy) to the Metrobüs , which connects the European with the Asian part of Istanbul, but also the Esenler long-distance bus station . In Turkey, bus stations are of central importance for public transport, as the majority of domestic travel is handled by coaches. In addition, the M1 will provide a high-speed connection from Istanbul Ataturk International Airport to the city center and to other high-speed lines for the underground, city and suburban trains.
Even before the expansion of the M1ʙ, the M1 line was used by 220,000 passengers a day. After closing the gap in the west to Kirazlı and extending it from Aksaray to Yenikapı - with a connection to the S-Bahn and the M2 , a closed high-speed rail network was created in Istanbul for the first time in September 2014.
swell
- ↑ a b urbanrail.net : Article 'Istanbul'
- ↑ Istanbul City Administration (PDF; 91 kB): Brief description of İstanbul Ulaşım A.Ş.
- ↑ a b istanbul.net.tr : Article 'M1 Hafif Metro: Aksaray - Otogar - Havalimanı'
- ↑ İstanbul Ulaşım : rapid transit network map
- ↑ Turntable Online : Tram Forum, page 'Tram in Istanbul'
- ↑ http://www.istanbululasim.com/our-network/m1-yenikapı–-ataturk-airport.aspx
- ↑ İstanbul Ulaşım : Description of the M1 line
Web links
- İstanbul Ulaşım : Description of the M1 line
- istanbul.net.tr : data of the M1 line
Coordinates: 41 ° 0 ′ 12.6 " N , 28 ° 53 ′ 37.2" E