Jewish community of Albersweiler
A Jewish community in Albersweiler , a local community in the southern Weinstrasse district in Rhineland-Palatinate , had existed since the 16th century.
history
For the first time, 1529 Jews are mentioned in Albersweiler . In the middle of the 18th century there were already 37 Jewish families living in the village, 18 of them in the district of the Counts of Löwenstein-Scharfeneck . The highest number of Jewish residents in Albersweiler was reached in 1848 with 271 people. The Jewish families earned their living mainly as merchants and butchers.
The Jewish community of Albersweiler owned a synagogue on Weinstrasse (today Kirchstrasse 2). Their dead were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Annweiler . The Jewish school on Frankweilerstraße (today Hohlstraße), which also housed the ritual bath ( mikveh ), started operations in 1855. The congregation had employed a teacher who was both a prayer leader and a schochet . In the last third of the 19th century, the number of parishioners decreased due to emigration and moving to larger cities.
In the 20th century, the Jewish people living in Annweiler also belonged to the community in Albersweiler.
Community development
| year | Parishioners |
|---|---|
| 1698 | 4 families |
| 1718 | 17 families |
| 1801 | 144 people |
| 1808 | 145 people / 41 families |
| 1825 | 221 people, about 11.6% of the population |
| 1848 | 271 people |
| 1875 | 229 people |
| 1886 | 214 people |
| 1900 | 111 people |
| 1910 | 69 people |
| 1928 | 37 people |
| 1933 | 32 people |
| 1938 | 15 people |
| 1940 | 4 people |
time of the nationalsocialism
During the time of National Socialism , many Jewish residents left the place or emigrated. The synagogue was destroyed in the November pogrom in 1938 and later demolished. In October 1940 the last four Jewish residents were deported to Gurs as part of the so-called Wagner-Bürckel campaign and were killed.
The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 36 German citizens of Jewish faith who were born in Albersweiler and who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .
literature
- Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 1: Aach - Groß-Bieberau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08077-2 ( online version ).
- Stefan Fischbach, Ingrid Westerhoff: "... and this is the gate of heaven". Synagogues in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland . Published by the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate , State Conservatory Office of the Saarland, Synagogue Memorial Jerusalem. Verlag Philipp von Zabern , Mainz 2005, ISBN 3-8053-3313-7 , ( Memorial Book of Synagogues in Germany 2), pp. 68–69.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Alemannia Juadiaca: The History of the Jewish community
- ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved May 11, 2010.