Jewish cemetery (Berne)

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Berne Jewish cemetery

The Berne Jewish Cemetery in Berne in the Wesermarsch district in Lower Saxony is approximately 810 m². The cemetery was laid out in 1895 on private property by Louis Koopmann. It was a part of the so-called dairy meadow belonging to him on today's federal road B 74 in the district of Ranzenbüttel (towards Weser). It has been completely separated from the pasture by a moat.

history

Initially, the cemetery was only intended to house the graves of the Koopmann family; However, the authorities demanded that all Jewish citizens of the Berne synagogue community be buried there. Before this time, the Jews from Berne buried their dead in the Jewish cemeteries in Varel-Hohenberge , Delmenhorst and Wildeshausen . The oldest surviving tombstone in Wildeshausen is the tombstone for Eljukam BR Jhuda Koopmann from Berne, who died in 1787. The oldest existing gravestone on the Jewish. The cemetery in Berne dates from 1895; it is the gravestone for the founder of the cemetery, Louis Koopmann. A last funeral took place for Albert Koopmann in 1928.

In 1933 there were only 15 people left in the Berne synagogue community, divided into three families. In fact, the parish was dissolved in 1938; the synagogue building on Lange Straße was sold in the same year and used as a residential building from then on. In 1939 it was suggested that the cemetery should be given to the Synagogue Community of Oldenburg. Presumably it later passed to the Reich Association of Jews in Germany and, after its dissolution, to the Reich Ministry of Finance .

In the period that followed, the cemetery was desecrated by NSDAP and Hitler Youth members. Vahlenkamp reports: "Whether it was devastated and gravestones destroyed during the Nazi era cannot be clearly established." However, a letter from the Wesermarsch district from 1946 states: "The Jewish cemetery in Berne was completely destroyed by the Nazis."

The municipality of Stedingen used 860.90 Reichsmarks to have the cemetery restored in 1946 (graves, enclosure and entrance gate). In 1950, the state of Lower Saxony carried out extensive measures for further restoration; Costs were DM 847.30.

After her return from the Theresienstadt concentration camp , Mrs. Ella Türk (née Koopmann) from Berne took over the care of the cemetery.

The cemetery was privately owned by the Koopmann family from 1895 to 2014; last with a great-grandson of the cemetery founder, Ernest Koopmann from the USA. It was not officially handed over to the State Association of Jewish Communities of Lower Saxony until 2014 , which had been maintaining and caring for the “foster orphaned cemetery” for a long time.

Existing tombstones

In the cemetery there are six tombstones with names and one tombstone fragment without names. The tombstones remind of the following people:

Surname Birth Name Year of birth Year of death
Koopmann Louis 1820 1859
Koopmann, Amalie Goldschmidt 1827 1897
Frank, Friederike Bloch 1845 1902
Frank, Louis 1835 1917
Goldstein, Rosi 1919
Goldstein, Jacob 1920
Koopmann, Leopold 1854 1927
Meyer, Pauline Rose tree 1848 1925
Koopmann, Ernst 1891 1915
Koopmann, Albert 1857 1928
Koopmann, Sara cat 1861 1942
Koopmann, Ida Meyer 1870 1943

In memory of her son and participant in the First World War , the inscription “ To the memory of our son Ernst Koopmann geb. March 1, 1891, fell in France September 25, 1915 ”on the joint tombstone of Leopold and Sara Koopmann. Sara Koopmann died on September 6, 1942 in the Theresienstadt ghetto ; Ida Koopmann also died in Theresienstadt on March 1, 1943.

literature

  • Ursula Bernhold; Almut Setje-Eilers: The inscriptions on the stele in Berne - a documentation - memories of Jewish families during National Socialism in Berne . Oldenburg 2018
  • Werner Vahlenkamp : Berne. In: Herbert Obenaus (Ed. In collaboration with David Bankier and Daniel Fraenkel): Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen . Volume 1 and 2, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-753-5 , pp. 211–215 (Berne Jewish cemetery: pp. 212 and 214)
  • Ursula Bernhold; Almut Setje-Eilers, Uta Fleischmann: “Was there something there?”: Women in the Wesermarsch under National Socialism . Oldenburg 1996.
  • Gerd Stachotta: Jews in the Wesermarsch 1933-1945. Oldenburg 1997; ISBN 3-89598-454-X .
  • Werner Vahlenkamp: Jewish families in Berne before and during National Socialism . Berne 1994.
  • Werner Vahlenkamp: On the history of the Jews in the Wesermarsch . Brake [1993].
  • Enno Meyer: The synagogues of the Oldenburger Land . Oldenburg 1988.
  • Gerold Meiners: The history of the Bernese synagogue community . In: Stedingen and the Stedinger . Bremen 1987.
  • Johannes-Fritz Töllner in collaboration with Wouter J. van Bekkum, Enno Meyer and Harald Schieckel : The Jewish cemeteries in the Oldenburger Land. Inventory of the preserved tombstones. Oldenburg 1983 (= Oldenburger Studien Vol. 25), pp. 351-355.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Vahlenkamp 1994, page 5
  2. ↑ Vahlenkamp 1993, page 13 ff.
  3. ↑ Töllner 1983, page 351.
  4. ↑ Töllner 1983, page 633.
  5. ↑ Töllner 1983, page 353.
  6. ↑ Meyer 1988, page 15 f.
  7. ↑ Vahlenkamp 2005, page 213
  8. ↑ Alemannia-Judaica.de, December 23, 2014
  9. ↑ Vahlenkamp 1993, page 13 f.
  10. ↑ Alemannia-Judaica.de, December 23, 2014
  11. ↑ On the person of Ella Türk: Bernhold, Setje-Eilers 1996, page 222 ff.
  12. ↑ Nordwest-Zeitung , November 7, 2014: Jewish cemetery in new hands
  13. ↑ Maintenance of the orphaned Jewish cemeteries
  14. ↑ Töllner 1983, pp. 351–355
  15. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of the Jews under the Nazi tyranny in Germany 1933-1945
  16. ↑ Bernhold & Setje-Eilers 1996, page 217

Coordinates: 53 ° 11 ′ 15.3 "  N , 8 ° 29 ′ 16.9"  E