Jewish cemetery (Neubrandenburg)

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Jewish cemetery Neubrandenburg 1880 (top center - signature abbreviated pl.)

The Jewish cemetery Neubrandenburg was a Jewish cemetery in the town of Neubrandenburg in the Mecklenburg Lake District in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania .

description

The first cemetery was on the horse market since 1865 in the area of ​​the former Scheunenstraße, today's Woldecker Straße on the eastern edge of the city at that time, it was approx. 1300 m². In 1941, the 26 graves that had not been laid out, including the tombstones, were moved to the Protestant cemetery opposite ("Old Cemetery") in the city of Neubrandenburg, between Scheunenstrasse and Katharinenstrasse. Around 1965, the cemetery had to be relocated a second time during the construction of the Neubrandenburg new building area. This time the community was assigned a place in the cemetery on Katharinenstrasse. It remained there until 1989 when it was cleared and built on. Jewish cemeteries were designated as burial places on the official maps and were signed with an L instead of a †. Mostly they were created further outside the cities or communities, mainly in the Scheunenviertel or similar remote places, here it was initially the horse market.

history

The eventful history of the Jewish cemetery begins in 1863/64 with negotiations between the Jewish community and the city council of Neubrandenburg about the acquisition of a burial place. In 1865 the city provided a burial place in the area of ​​the former Scheunenstraße, today's Woldecker Straße (in the area of ​​the former publishing complex "Freie Erde", today Wohnwelt Suh) with a size of 1302 m². On January 14, 1866, the first burial and, at the same time, the inauguration of the Jewish cemetery took place by State Rabbi Jacob Hamburger .

1. Desecration: In 1938 the councilors of the city of Neubrandenburg stipulated that the Jewish cemetery should disappear. However, they did not succeed in doing this easily, as the Jewish community had concluded a long-term lease with the city. Finally, on May 6, 1940, under pressure from the councilors belonging to the NSDAP, the notarial contract on the return of the leasehold right was signed by the last chairman of the Jewish community, Isidor Heine. In 1941 the Nazis ordered the construction of a military barracks on the Jewish cemetery. At the same time, 26 graves, whose legal term of 30 years had not yet expired, as well as the associated gravestones were reburied in the Protestant cemetery opposite ("Old Cemetery") in the city of Neubrandenburg, between Scheunenstrasse and Katharinenstrasse. The remaining graves in the Jewish cemetery were leveled in 1942.

After 1945 there were still 31 tombstones here, but the Jewish part of the cemetery had meanwhile been used as a garbage and refill area. In 1963, the Mecklenburg State Jewish Community had the cemetery restored at their own expense. The following year the cemetery was badly desecrated, the stones knocked over and damaged.

2. Desecration: In 1964, the preparatory measures for the construction of three high-rise buildings on part of the grounds of the Protestant cemetery began. The aim was to level the Jewish cemetery. However, through the intervention of the Mecklenburg State Jewish Community in Schwerin, at least one further relocation was included in the planning. In the period from October to December 1965, the reburial of the 26 Jewish graves took place in the form of a memorial. This time the congregation was assigned a place in the cemetery on Katharinenstrasse. The memorial and the rest of the reburden of the Protestant cemetery were repeatedly devastated in the following years.

In 1971 this cemetery should give way to a new building. At that time, the Jewish state community did not approve a third relocation of the cemetery. The remaining 20 gravestones were kept by the Neubrandenburg stonemason Dassow.

3. Desecration: In 1987/88 and 1989, 900 residential units were built in the remaining area of ​​the "Old Cemetery" laid out in 1805 on Katharinenstrasse. In the course of these construction activities there was a further disturbance of the peace of the dead , so that the whereabouts of the remains could never be finally clarified. The cemetery area was built on with apartment blocks. In a description of the Council of the City of Neubrandenburg, Dept. Interior from August 30, 1989: “The remains of the Jewish cemetery have not been reburied. The remaining bones were installed with the entire excavation of the cemetery on the dump of the TBK. All that remains of the Jewish cemetery are the tombstones stored by master stonemason Dassow. The gravestones were taken over by the city and later relocated there when the Synagogenplatz, the location of the synagogue, was redesigned until 1938. "

literature

  • Michael Brocke , Eckehard Ruthenberg, Kai Uwe Schulenburg: Stone and Name. The Jewish cemeteries in East Germany (New Federal States / GDR and Berlin). Institute Church and Judaism, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-923095-19-8 . (This representation contains numerous inaccuracies and errors, it is therefore only of limited use as a source.)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Text: Research project “Jewish cemeteries” at the University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg - published in: https://www.kleks-online.de/editor/?element_id=148495&lang=de
  2. ↑ Text: Research project “Jewish cemeteries” at the University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg - published in: https://www.kleks-online.de/editor/?element_id=148495&lang=de

Coordinates: 53 ° 33 ′ 30.2 "  N , 13 ° 16 ′ 28.7"  E