Jablonowka (Saratov)
Village
Jablonowka
блоновка
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Jablonowka ( Russian Яблоновка , until 1941 Lauwe , formerly Laube, Schönfeld ) is a village in Saratov Oblast ( Russia ), which was founded by Volga Germans in the 18th century .
geography
The village is about 50 kilometers in a straight line south of angel on the left, referred to therein as "meadow side" the banks of the Volga River between the villages Priwolschskoje (until 1941 Kukkus ) and Oktjabrskoje (until 1941 Popowkina , German Jost ).
It is part of the rural community Priwolschskoje selskoje posselenije of Rajons Rownoje .
history
Lauwe was founded on August 19, 1767 by 169 Lutheran immigrants from Germany, who followed the manifesto on the settlement of foreigners in Russia by the Russian Tsarina Catherine II of July 22, 1763, following the following promises:
- Free transportation and lump sum money to support them on the trip
- Freedom to settle wherever you want
- Free trade
- Tax exemption for 30 years
- Interest-free loan for 10 years
- Religious freedom
- unlimited freedom from military service
- Right to return freely to their home countries whenever they want, but at their own expense.
The name Lauwe was derived from the family name of the first village elder. The declared reason for the community Lauwe was 4455 Desjatinen . The first 47 families came from Bavaria ( Nuremberg ), Baden, Hesse ( Darmstadt , Neu-Isenburg ), the Palatinate, the Rhineland, Saxony and Brandenburg.
Lauwe was one of the ten colonies founded by LeRoy and Pictet south of Saratov along the Volga and Terlyk rivers on the meadow (eastern) side of the Volga.
In 1774, Lauwe was sacked by the rebels of the peasant uprising led by Jemeljan Pugachev .
Between 1902 and 1914 some of the Lauwe settlers emigrated to South and North America, after the special status of the German colonists was abolished by the Russification measures as a result of the “Equalization Act” of the Russian Tsar Alexander II , and some of the male settlers called up for military service Russo-Ottoman War (1877–1878) had fallen.
With the deportation of the Volga German settlers on September 16, 1941 ( History of the Russian Germans ), after the invasion of the German Reich on the Soviet Union , the name was changed to Jablonowka (about 'Village of Apple Trees', after a nearby ravine with overgrown apple trees). The solid wood houses of the Volga Germans were demolished and used as firewood.
The restoration of the autonomous republic of the Volga Germans and their return from Kazakhstan to Lauwe, which Lauwe-Siedler had hoped for after the war, were finally canceled by the political action of the then Russian President Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin on February 21, 1992 in the Saratov region.
Today the village is mostly inhabited by Russians .
Population development
The following overview shows the development of the population of Lauwe up to 1931.
year | Residents | including Germans |
---|---|---|
1767 | 169 | |
1773 | 150 | |
1788 | 165 | |
1798 | 244 | |
1816 | 540 | |
1834 | 600 | |
1850 | 927 | |
1859 | 1103 | |
1889 | 1548 | |
1897 | 1695 | 1654 |
1904 | 2412 | |
1910 | 2588 | |
1926 | 1639 | 1607 |
1931 | 1850 | 1818 |
literature
- Saratovskaya oblast '. Administrativno-territorial'noe delenie na 1 janvarja 1970 goda. Privolžskoe knižnoe izdatel'stvo, Saratow 1970 (Saratov Oblast. Administrative division as of January 1, 1970; Russian).
-
Igor Plewe : Immigration to the Volga Region 1764-1767. Northeast Institute, Göttingen. (Russian)
- Volume 1. Colonies of Anton - French. 1999, ISBN 3-9806003-3-5 .
- Volume 2. Colonies of Galka - Cutter. 2001, ISBN 3-9806003-5-1 .
- Volume 3. Colonies of foliage - Preuss. 2005, ISBN 3-936943-00-1 .
- Volume 4. Reinhardt - Warenburg. 2008, ISBN 978-3-936943-01-6 .
- Arkadij A. German and Igor 'R. Plewe: Nemcy Povolž · yes: kratkij istoričeskij očerk: učebnoe posobie. Knižnoe izdatel'stvo Saratowskogo Univ., Saratow 2002, ISBN 9785292027799
- Karl Stumpp: The Emigration from Germany to Russia in the Years 1763 to 1862. Self-published, Tübingen 1972.
- Adam Geisinger: From Catherine to Khrushchev: the story of Russia's Germans. Marian Press, Winnipeg 1974. (American Historical Society of Germans from Russia, London 1993, ISBN 0-914222-05-8 )
- Gottlieb Beratz: The German Colonies on the Lower Volga. American Historical Society of Germans from Russia, Lincoln, NE 1991, ISBN 0-914222-20-1 .
Web links
- Photo by Lauwe
- Lauwe on the website of the Center for Volga German Studies at Concordia University , Portland, Oregon (English)
- Volga German colony during an attack by Kyrgyz tribesmen on the website of the Center for Volga German Studies at Concordia University
- Lauwe A German Village on the Volga River , by Ray Heinle (English)
- History of the Russian Germans (German / Russian)
- Manifesto on the settlement of foreigners in Russia by the Russian Tsarina Katharina II from July 22, 1763 (German)
- The economic and administrative map of the autonomous republic of the Volga Germans in 1938
- Lauwe census 1850 (PDF; 114 kB)
- "The Lauwe Lamp" published by Bernice Geringer Madden (English)