Jacaratia spinosa

Jacaratia spinosa
	Jacaratia spinosa
Systematics
	Rosids
	Eurosiden II
Order :	Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family :	Melon trees (Caricaceae)
Genre :	Jacaratia
Type :	Jacaratia spinosa
Scientific name
	Jacaratia spinosa
	( Aubl. ) A.DC.

Foliage leaves

"Pseudo-stalked" leaflets and the minimal, brown teeth of the secondary lamellae

Halved fruit with pulp containing milk juice and seeds with sarcotesta on the right

Jacaratia spinosa or Jaracatiá is a tree in the melon tree from central to northern South America to Argentina and Central America .

The name Jaracatiá probably comes from the Tupí-Guaraní . Other names in Brazil are "Mamão-nativo-de-árvore" (Native Tree Papaya), "Mamão-de-espinho" (Prickly Papaya), "Mamão-bravo" (Wild Papaya) or "Mamão-de-veado" (Deer papaya).

description

Jacaratia spinosa grows as a semi- evergreen , fast-growing tree 20–40 meters high. The trunk diameter reaches up to 80-100 centimeters. The trunk, branches and twigs are thorny on younger plants . The brownish to greyish, somewhat rough bark is sometimes slightly cracked. The tree has a milky sap .

The stalked, alternate leaves are hand-shaped with 5–12 leaflets . The bald petiole is 10-25 inches long. The whole-margined and pointed to acuminate, glabrous leaflets are obovate to lanceolate, sometimes spatulate to lanceolate. They are 6-18 centimeters long, with a wedge-shaped base, as well as pale green underneath and dark green and shiny on top. The leaflet spreads in a wedge shape in a short "pseudostalk" or has a short stalk or almost sessile. The lighter nerve is pinnate and raised on the underside and encircling the leaf margin. There are minimal secondary leaflets (stipples) above and below .

Jacaratia spinosa is dioecious diocesan . The stalked, mostly unisexual flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The male, multi-flowered, axillary and paniculate , bald inflorescences are long-stalked. The small, stalked and salver-shaped, greenish male flowers with a small calyx contain 8–10 stamens with hairy stamens on the throat, in two circles of unequal length that are fused together and there is a slightly ribbed, smaller pestillode. The inside hairy, outside bald tube is 10-14 millimeters long and the elongated lobes 7-10 millimeters, the upright anthers are protruding.

The long-stemmed, much larger, female flowers appear axillary mostly individually or up to four on stalked inflorescences. The elongated, greenish petals are 2–3.3 centimeters long and short at the base. The chalice is small. The rippige, edgy, multi-chambered and large, egg-shaped ovary with 5 elongated, fleshy, almost seated and interlocked twisted upper constant scars that can easily spread later.

The male flowers produce nectar on the lower pestle, the female none.

Egg-shaped to ellipsoidal, yellow to orange and many-seeded, more or less longitudinally furrowed fruits, berries (armored berries ) are formed. They are up to 8-12 centimeters long and up to 3-4.5 centimeters in diameter. The slightly leathery shell is bare and slightly textured. The beige seeds, with a slimy, gelatinous and whitish sarcotesta , are sculpted and 5–7 millimeters long. The orange, sweet and spicy pulp contains milk juice.

use

The fruits are used raw and cooked. If they are used raw, they must first be punctured or incised in order to allow the milky juice to drain off. The milk juice is strongly proteolytic , i.e. it splits proteins and has a laxative effect.

The wood is very soft and light, it is not used for anything.

literature

AL Stoffers, JC Lindeman: Flora of Suriname. Vol. V, Part 1, Brill, 1984, p. 589 ff, limited preview in the Google book search.
K. Kubitzki , C. Bayer: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. V: Flowering Plants Dicotyledons , Springer, 2003, ISBN 978-3-642-07680-0 , pp. 57-60.
AJ Piratelli, FCM Piña-Rodrigues, FB Gandara et al .: Pollination biology of Jacaratia spinosa (AUBL) ADC. (CARICACEAE) in a residual forest in southwest Brazil. In: Revista Brasileira de Biologia. 58 (4), 1998, pp. 671-679, doi: 10.1590 / S0034-71081998000400015 , online at researchgate.net.

Web links

Commons : Jacaratia spinosa - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Jacaratia spinosa at Useful Tropical Plants
Jacaratia spinosa at Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.
e-Monograph of Caricaceae from Oxford University Herbaria, accessed October 8, 2019.

Individual evidence

↑ Jacaratia spinosa at KEW Science.

↑ Antônio Geraldo da Cunha: Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa. 4 ^a edição, 3 ^a impressão, Lexikon Editora Digital, 2012, ISBN 978-85-86368-63-9 , p. 372.

↑ ^a ^b Jaracatiá on Brazil Portal , accessed on October 8, 2019.

[1] Jacaratia spinosa at KEW Science.

[2] Antônio Geraldo da Cunha: Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa. 4 ^a edição, 3 ^a impressão, Lexikon Editora Digital, 2012, ISBN 978-85-86368-63-9 , p. 372.