Jakob Awender

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Jakob Awender

Jakob Awender (born July 3, 1898 in Istvánfölde , German  Stefansfeld , Kingdom of Hungary , Austria-Hungary , † April 14, 1975 in Freeport (Illinois) , United States ) was from 1933 to 1941 leader of the National Socialist " renewal movement " in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia .

family

Jakob Awender was the son of Johann Awender and Christine geb. Bohn and had eight siblings. He was married to Eva, geb. Saier (April 14, 1925 in Graz), with whom he had three children.

Life

Awender had studied in Germany and there was enthusiastic about the National Socialist idea that he carried with him on his return to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He practiced as a dentist in Pančevo ( German  Pantschowa ). Here he established himself in 1933 as the founder and leader of the Nazi "renewal movement", which sought to align the policy of the "ethnic German" minority of Yugoslavia in terms of content and aesthetics with National Socialism and the German Empire .

As head of the local “Kulturbund” and “publisher of the renewer” press organ Panschowaer Post , later Volksruf , he spread National Socialist ideas in the German settlement areas of Yugoslavia. He tried to gain decisive influence on the leadership of the cultural association through a policy of "replacing" leading personalities of the Swabian-German cultural association such as Stefan Kraft , Georg Grassl and federal chairman Johann Keks . The "renewers" accused the Kulturbund leadership of corruption and the accumulation of offices, which attracted a lot of attention.

In 1935, the federal government temporarily excluded Awenders and his closest collaborators Gustav Halwax and Hans Thurn . However, under the impression of the "political and economic successes" of National Socialist Germany, Awender won numerous followers, especially among the younger generation. After the resignation of the federal board in 1939, the frank Awender claimed the post of federal chairman.

In order to maintain good relations between the government of Yugoslavia and the German Reich, however, the Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle (VoMi) opted for Josef Janko , who later became the “ ethnic group leader ”, who was considered moderate and capable of reaching a consensus . After the collapse of Yugoslavia in 1941, Awender was appointed president of the Agraria Central Cooperative , which he headed as NS official in the Banat “ethnic group leadership” until 1944.

After the Red Army had crossed the Carpathian Mountains , Awenderer received the order from Janko to prepare the evacuation of the German population . After the war ended, he went to the United States and avoided prosecution. Here he was editor of the news for the Danube Swabians in North America , Chicago. He supported Sepp Janko in writing his book Weg und Ende der Deutschen Volksgruppe in Yugoslavia . Awender died in Freeport, Illinois in 1975, where he was buried in Oakland Cemetery .

Publications

  • Economically speaking, the Serbian Banat 1941–1943. In: OST-DOK. 16/4.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Freeport Journal. Standard from Freeport, Illinois. page 8
  2. ↑ Mariana Hausleitner : From Fascism to Stalinism: German and Other Minorities in East Central and Southeastern Europe 1941–1953. IKGS, 2008. ISBN 3-9811694-0-9 , p. 44
  3. ^ A b c Johann Böhm : The German ethnic group in Yugoslavia 1918–1941: Domestic and foreign policy as symptoms of the relationship between the German minority and the Yugoslav government. Peter Lang, 2009, ISBN 3-631-59557-3 , p. 203
  4. ↑ a b c d e Johann Böhm : The German ethnic groups in the independent state of Croatia and in the Serbian Banat. Your relationship to the Third Reich 1941–1944 . ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Peter Lang, 2013. ISBN 978-3-631-63323-6 , pp. 14, 22 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.peterlang.com
  5. ^ A b Mariana Hausleitner , Harald Roth : Culture and History of Southeast Europe (IKGS). Scientific series, Institute for German Culture and History of Southeast Europe at LMU Munich , Munich 2008. ISBN 3-9809851-1-3 , p. 188
  6. ↑ Michael Schwartz , Michael Buddrus , Martin Holler, Alexander Post: Functionaries with a past: The founding board of the Federal Association of Expellees and the “Third Reich”. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2013, ISBN 3-486-71626-3 , p. 195
  7. ↑ Josef Beer: The suffering of the Germans in communist Yugoslavia: local reports on the crimes against the Germans by the Tito regime in the period from 1944 to 1948 , Volume 1. Donauschwäbische Kulturstiftung, 1992. P. 391
  8. ^ Franz Wilhelm: Rumaer Documentation 1745-1945. Volume II. Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-926276-31-2 . Chapter 10 , p. 142
  9. ^ Hans-Ulrich Wehler : Nationality Policy in Yugoslavia: The German Minority 1918–1978. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1980, ISBN 3-525-01322-1 , pp. 35ff.
  10. ^ A b Jozo Tomasevich: War and Revolution in Yugoslavia: 1941–1945. Stanford University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-8047-7924-4 , p. 202. In English.
  11. ^ Josef Volkmar Senz : The school system of the Danube Swabians in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Verlag des Südostdeutschen Kulturwerkes, 1969. p. 118.
  12. ^ Carl Bethke : No common language? LIT Verlag, Münster 2013, ISBN 3-643-11754-X , p. 206
  13. ↑ Südostdeutsche Vierteljahresblätter, edition 23. Verlag des Südostdeutschen Kulturwerk, 1974. p. 15
  14. ↑ Mariana Hausleitner : From Fascism to Stalinism: German and Other Minorities in East Central and Southeastern Europe 1941–1953. IKGS, 2008. ISBN 3-9811694-0-9 , p. 61
  15. ^ Find a grave: Dr Jakob Awender

Remarks

  1. ↑ Heinrich Reister reports on the renewal movement on March 26, 1958 (Collection Ost. Doc. 16 Jug. Sig 177 in the Federal Archives in Koblenz): “In 1937 and 1938 I was the editor of the Panschewo city in southern Banat weekly newspaper "Volksruf" (organ of the renewal movement). At that time the newspaper was already several years old. The main editors were Dr. Jakob Aweder and Gustav Halwax. The editing was in the house of Dr. Awenders housed. The two rooms were both living room and bedroom for the employees. ... Dr. Awender often devoted himself to the newspaper more than his profession as a doctor. The natural consequence of this was a decline in his medical practice. "
personal data
SURNAME Awender, Jakob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Leader of the "Renewal Movement" in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
DATE OF BIRTH July 3, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH Istvánfölde , Kingdom of Hungary , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH April 14, 1975
Place of death Freeport (Illinois) , United States