Jakow Giljarijewitsch Etinger

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Jakow Giljarijewitsch Etinger (* 1887 in Minsk , † March 2, 1951 in Moscow ) was a Russian cardiologist .

Life

Etinger came from a wealthy family, his father was a businessman. He was able to study in Königsberg and Berlin, where he became a Dr. med. received his doctorate. In Germany he was in contact with members of the SPD . During the First World War he served as a doctor in the Russian Army, then in the Red Army. From 1918 to 1920 he ran a hospital. In 1922 he moved with his wife to Moscow, where he became a lecturer in internal medicine at the university . In 1935 he became a professor and from 1941 to 1949 he headed the pediatric department. At that time he wrote about 40 scientific papers on cardiology and worked as a consultant for the Kremlin .

In addition to his work as a doctor, Etinger was interested in theater and literature and was friends with numerous artists. Signed sonnets that Samuil Marshak had translated them while the anti-Semitic uses hysteria against him.

After his adoptive son Jakow Jakowlewitsch Etinger was arrested on October 17, 1950, the elder Etinger was also charged and imprisoned on November 18, 1950. The Deputy Minister for State Security Mikhail Dmitrievich Ryumin tried to get information from him, the head of the Soviet Information Office, about an alleged mishandling of Alexander Sergeyevich Shcherbakov, who died in 1945 . He was also accused of being a member of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee and of having repeatedly complained about state anti-Semitism in the Soviet Union. Etinger died during detention . He was so weakened by continuous interrogation that he died from it. However, Etinger's adoptive son later referred to his adoptive father's medical history. The allegations against Etinger and other Jewish medical professionals played a central role in the anti-Semitic campaign against an alleged medical conspiracy in the Kremlin that led to 28 arrests and rumors of an imminent deportation of Soviet Jewry to Siberia in 1952 and 1953 .

Etinger and his adopted son are described in detail in The Archipelago Gulag by Alexander Issajewitsch Solzhenitsyn , but numerous information are incorrect.

literature

  • Jonathan Brent, Vladimir Naumov: Stalin's Last Crime: The Plot Against the Jewish Doctors, 1948-1953. Harper Collins, 2010. ISBN 978-0062013675 .
  • Michael Parrish: The Lesser Terror: Soviet State Security, 1939-1953. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996. ISBN 978-0275951139 . P. 247ff.
  • Alexander Issajewitsch Solzhenitsyn: The Gulag Archipelago. 1973.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mirra Aspiz: Судьба двух Этингеров. In: ЛЕХАИМ , March 2001.
  2. ^ A b Matthias Vetter: Conspiracy of the Kremlin doctors . In: Wolfgang Benz (Ed.) Handbook of Antisemitism , Vol. 4: Events, Decrees, Controversies . de Gruyter Saur, Berlin / New York 2011, ISBN 978-3-598-24076-8 , p. 416 (accessed via De Gruyter Online).
  3. ↑ Timothy Snyder : Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin . CH Beck, Munich 2011, p. 366.
  4. ↑ Michael Parrish: The Lesser Terror: Soviet State Security, 1939-1953. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996. ISBN 978-0275951139 . P. 248.
  5. ↑ cf. Parrish 1996.
personal data
SURNAME Etinger, Jakow Giljarijewitsch
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian cardiologist
DATE OF BIRTH 1887
PLACE OF BIRTH Minsk
DATE OF DEATH March 2, 1951
Place of death Moscow